Ethical Issues Of Genetic Enhancement In Humans Philosophy Essay

Ethical Issues Of Genetic Enhancement In Humans Philosophy Essay While genetic engineering is not a topic that is discussed often in the public realm, genetic research and technology is moving forward at an insane pace. Genetics are now found to show massive improvement in a wide array of areas including: manufacturing and materials, energy, species restoration and management, food and agriculture industries, forestry, and pest control. The most controversial use of genetics, and the focus of this paper, is on human genetic intervention. In the case of genetic treatment used to prevent or cure genetic diseases, the procedure is appropriate and ethically moral. However, in the case of genetic enhancement and the concept of designer babies, any procedure is unethical. A line must be drawn between the definition of genetic enhancement and genetic treatment and with both cases, the invasion and risks to the mother of the child should also be considered. Efforts should be focused on social engineering to improve the behavioral aspects that are the targ et of genetic enhancement advocators. The possibilities of genetic engineering are quite limitless, which is scary if those who are able to do so begin to manipulate all aspects of nature and humanity through science. Yet there are truly some beneficial genetic techniques used not regarding human life that would and do improve many aspects of this earth. In their article Genetic Engineering Could Benefit Society, Joseph F. Coates, John B. Mahaffie, and Andy Hines discuss many of these benefits. For example, some researchers are working to develop a microorganism that would be useful in converting crop wastes into biomass energy while others are boosting plants that have higher yields and better resistance to disease and other conditions. Insects carrying diseases will likely be targeted through genetic technologies and the deadly disease malaria may ultimately be eliminated (176-177). A lot of genetic engineering studies for human use are performed on animals, but animals also serve as a target for their own genetic modification purposes. Designer animals can be enhanced in a similar way to humans for food production, recreation, and pet purposes. Livestock can be customized for increased growth, shortened gestation, and greater nutritional value. In order for animals to withstand rough environments, transgenic animals are being created, which share genes of two or more species (Coates, Mahaffie, and Hines 176). Studies should be done on the ethics of manipulating animals through genetics before further interventions are performed. Before even exploring the ethics of using genetic engineering to enhance or treat humans, current technologies and the reality of genetic modification regarding risks and success should be discussed. In her article Genetic Engineering Could be Dangerous, Susan Wright explains that the human body tends to reject anything foreign, so at this point, its not even probable genetic procedures in humans will work effectively and with little risk (188). Stephen A. Phillips discusses some current studies in his article Human Germline Genetic Enhancement and C.S. Lewiss the Abolition of Man As far as success, animals that are producing genetically modified embryos for study are producing mainly defective embryos and very few embryos survive to produce the viable genetically modified animals. This study will help with the modification of humans, but in order to prevent the birth of children with serious defects, human embryos would need to be tested before implantation and those that are defect ive would need to be destroyed. Not only does the conflict greatly with the high moral values placed on human embryos, but the subjects used would have to be followed for their entire lifetime, as well as their descendants lifetimes (Phillips 118-119). Genetic intervention at this point is focused on two possible paths. Somatic cell modifications would impact only the individual being treated while the path of germline modifications actually change the genome of an individual and their descendents (Phillips 118). Gregory Stock and John H. Campbell look in-depth at the latter path in Engineering the Human Germline: An Exploration of the Science and Ethics of Altering the Genes We Pass to Our Children. Germline modifications include injecting genes into a fertilized egg, which extends gene therapy to the germline and automatically introduces genetic changes into every cell of the body without having to intervene in each cell individually (Stock and Campbell 9). In the article, A Not-so-new Eugenics, R. Sparrow presents another technology, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), which allows parents to discover the genetics of the embryos they have created by way of in vitro fertilization. They can then choose which embryo to implant into a womans womb and try to bring to term. PGD is currently widely used as powerful technique to prevent birth of children with severe disabilities, but this process involves choosing which people are born, instead of enhancing the traits of existing persons. (Sparrow 33). Gene-based pharmaceuticals can be used as treatments as well, which may use antisense DNA to block the body from transmitting genetic instructions for a disease process. Future therapies would allow genes to be removed, turned off, or blocked, with healthy replacement genes able to be directly inserted into fetuses or administered through injection, inhalation, retroviruses, or pills (Coates, Mahaffie, and Hines 180). Suppose that genetic modification becomes widely efficient, successful, and uncostly- if that day comes, then it is critical to draw a line between genetic enhancement and genetic treatment and ban the former, but allow the latter. While most people see the distinction between the two, it is still hard to define. An attempt at defining the difference states that genetic enhancement involves modifications that are not for the purpose of treating or preventing diseases (Phillips 119). Some issues arise in separating these definitions, however. Alcoholism, for example, can be classified as a disease, which would, following my previous suggestion, would be legal and moral to genetically treat. However, some view alcoholism as a choice, not a disease, meaning that to prevent this through modification would be an enhancement not a treatment. Examples of enhancements often used include height, musical talent, athletic ability, and honesty. Genetic intervention in humans is not all bad. When it is used to treat or prevent life-threatening or severely life-altering diseases it is ethical and practical. An estimate for the year 2025 shows almost 2,000 single gene diseases completely eliminated. Genetic predisposition diseases, such as cancer, are also estimated to be cut in half by 2025. Eliminating genetic diseases such as Alzheimers could take centuries through natural selection but only decades through genetic manipulation (Coates, Mahaffie, and Hines 175-177). Health professionals are ultimately estimated to identify, treat, and prevent 4,000 or more genetic diseases and disorders. These diagnostics include both specific diseases such as Down Syndrome AND behavioral dispositions, such as depression (Coates, Mahaffie, and Hines 180). Behavioral dispositions are another thin line to draw, because I wouldnt consider them life-threatening or necessarily harmful. My diagnosed depression has made me who I am today and I can t imagine not having that behavioral disposition, but others with anxiety, attention deficit disorder, and more, may find it a huge impairment to their life. To examine the ethics of genetic enhancement is to examine the issues with genetic engineering and decide for ones self whether those issues are ethically incorrect. Dov Fox introduces a study in his article that 70% of American respondents disapprove of the use of safe technologies to select for non-disease traits in human offspring, so there is clearly some widespread issues preventing support for genetic enhancement (Fox 174). First of all, genetic modifications will be expensive and unequally distributed. This gives additional advantages to the rich and further disadvantages the poor, widening the gap between the rich and poor to an insurmountable division (Phillips 119). Some argue that this is not so different from the expensive and currently widely accepted environmental enhancements like college test preparation and private musical training (Fox 175). I argue that these environmental enhancements are increasingly less expensive and available to all through school systems, soc ial services, and mentors. The financial gap for genetic enhancement, on the other hand, would be hard to close. This issue is lesser in genetic treatment because treatment for disease already is known to be expensive. Those with permanently ill or diseased children must pay large sums for treatment, so genetic technology does not change that factor. An important question raised is whether those who would attempt to enhance human abilities by genetic modification should be trusted with that power. A very elite group of geneticists would suddenly be the shapers of humanity. There has to be some estimate or criteria of virtue and wisdom one would require to even want to be put in this demanding, high-stress position (Phillips 119). The issue of personal identity arises commonly in discussing bioethics. Genetically modified individuals would be de-natured, and their capacities to pursue the truth, build relationships, and preserve their health would be obstructed (Murphy 196). Ones knowledge of having emerged from someone elses design would lead to feelings of genetic confinement as well. Genetically modified people may be confined to a project or pursuit they may have little passion about, or they may not consider themselves as free to shape their dominant values and ends. Some argue that this is irrelevant because its not like the child could have chosen for themselves who or what they wanted to be (Fox 176), but that is a weak argument. Many designed children would have severe conflict with religious beliefs and being created in the image of God for his purposes. Others may have nonreligious issues with destiny and self-discovery that was altered by their parents choices. Still others argue that the personal identity crisis can be avoided by way of fertility clinicians advising parents to not disclose the genetic enhancement to their children, so the children never know (Fox 176). That proposed solution encourages lying to children, which could lead to not only confusion and pain for the children, but a lifetime of deep burden for parents to bear. Human bodies are furthermore like the product of an engineering genius- each one a delicately balanced, completed, well-functioning masterpiece. There is no evidence that these delicately integrated natural bodily powers will take kindly to such impositions (Powell and Buchanan 7). After all, like that familiar car, whose design shows the touch of an intelligent maker, so are the systems built into living creatures also wonders of design (Richards 103). Humans are not just animals that respond instinctively to our appetites. We are actual objective beings capable of perceiving how things ought to be and conforming ourselves to that reality (Phillips 115). It is a shame to take intricate beings and discuss or treat them as non-complex objects meant to be controlled and manipulated. Talents and abilities are sometimes personified as a natural lottery, with those not born with many talents or abilities as victims of the natural lottery. In this frame of mind, using genetic engineering to raise intelligence or increase talents of these victims would be to compensate for their lack of luck in the natural lottery (Holtug 139). Some also suggest that as long as individuals have the choice of whether- and how- to use genetic technologies, then its okay (Sparrow 32). However, the individuals that are making the choices of how to use the genetic technologies are making it for their children, so the decision is not that of the child itself, its the decision of the parents. And in that case, genetic technologies are not ethical, period. An issues arises in the invasion of the mothers body and the risks associated with her compared to the benefits of the child (Hammond 165). Its easy to consider treatment cases of little invasion and great benefit as ethical, but it gets tricky when the procedure is highly-invasive to the mother yet there are clear benefits for the child. A woman may prefer to avoid pain, inconvenience, expense and risks of a medical procedure as well as the emotional ordeal of undergoing a procedure. This may compromise her moral, religious or superstitious beliefs as well, which could cause her long-term suffering and adversely affect her relationship with her child (Hammond 166). This tough conflict between mother and child risks and benefits would have to be evaluated case by case for ethical solutions. Those who favor genetic enhancements provide some disturbing reasons and opinions. Some claim that parents are morally obliged to pursue enhancements or to produce the best children possible (Sparrow 33). Yes, these are common expectations regarding parenting, but to incorporate gene therapy as part of these expectations is taking it to the next level, especially when gene therapy is still very new and very risky. Furthermore, some pessimists worry about elders being warehoused in communities or homes for the genetically impaired (Coates, Mahaffie, and Hines 180). Even the consideration of labeling those born naturally and unique without genetic modification as genetically impaired is disturbing. Genetic enhancement can be classified as behavioral or physical. Physical enhancement is not ethical in that each person was created the way they are for a reason. If it becomes possible to genetically modify height, eye color, and more, then humans will become more and more alike. Individuality will ultimately be completely eliminated and mankind truly will become robots, living in uniform. For those who believe that people with physical inferior qualities have a disadvantage because they are looked down upon, the proposed solution should focus on social engineering to teach people to be less judgmental and less biased as opposed to genetic engineering. Behavioral enhancement, first of all, does not seem possible. Its claimed that by taking genes from two honest parents, the offspring would be honest. Honesty, trustworthiness, kindness- all these traits that are considered in genetic enhancement- are not chromosomes that are installed into people. They are traits that a human develops over time and based on their surrounding. If people want children to develop these outstanding characteristics, genetic intervention is not the answer. The answer is again social engineering- teaching children to develop these traits through discipline and example (Walker 90). The concern with social engineering is that it would take a long time to see change (Holtug 140). Genetic engineering, however, is also going to take a while with many, many more risks and down sides. Genetic engineering only affects those people who can afford it while social engineering goes viral and is free to all. Scientists spending all this time and resources on genetic engineering could instead study how humans best respond to learning social responsibilities and then implementing effective curriculum into schools, organizations, and families. After all, if social engineering is improved upon, these traits will be passed to future generations through parenting in the most natural, nurturing way. An overview of genetic engineering displays many useful, practical techniques to improve upon aspects of this earth. When it comes to human genetic modification, however, there must be a clear establishment between treatment and enhancement and individuals must stand up against enhancement and instead encourage and practice positive social engineering.

Seed Germination

The time that a seed germinates, and whether or not it actually does germinate, depends on many factors. These factors include; the chemical environment, which must be the right conditions; oxygen must be present, and inhibitory chemicals must not be present. Germination also depends on the physical environment. Temperatures must be suited to the seed, and light quality and quantity must also be suited to the needs of the seed. In some cases, all these conditions are met, and still, the seed fails to germinate. This is because the seed is said to be dormant (Bewley and Black 1985). Seed dormancy is a short-lived deficiency, or block of an able seed to complete germination under suitable conditions. There are two different types of dormancy, embryo, and coat dormancy (Kucera et al.2005). Embryo dormancy is mostly common in woody species, but can also be found in blossoming plants as well. Coat dormancy is when the tissues that enclose the seed are too tight and the seed cannot overcome the constraint. Seeds can be released from dormancy through being chilled, sometimes for several weeks, or sometimes even months, at temperatures of one to five degrees Celsius. This means that seeds that rely on such ways of dormancy must wait for the cold seasons to pass before they can germinate (Bewley and Black 1985). Many seeds can germinate with, or without light, but the plants that require light, are called photoblastic, and are controlled by the phytochrome (Kendrick and Russell 1975). Phytochrome has two descriptions, the first one, Phytochrome red (Pr), is transformed by red light, to the second form, phytochrome far red (Pfr). Far red radiation can reverse the whole process. Phytochrome far red absorbs far red light (730nm), and phytochrome red absorbs red light (660nm) (Toyomasu et al. 1997). Seeds that are grown in darkness don’t germinate unless they are exposed to red light for a short period of time. For a red light to be effective, water content in the seed must be at 15%, because dry seeds do not respond to red light. In lettuce seeds that are matured naturally, phytochrome is most commonly in the form of phytochrome red, and in the dehydrated form, the conversion to phytochrome for red light is not possible (Kendrick and Russell 1975). Lettuce is an important vegetable cultivated worldwide, and requires high quality seeds. Lettuce seeds are unable to germinate in the dark, and are unable to germinate at high temperatures. These characteristics affect the rates that new seeds are developed (Metzger et al. 2009). Light is a very important factor in releasing seeds from dormancy. Seeds can be affected by being exposed to white light from just a few seconds, to or even minutes, others require intermittent light. The light frequency that is required depends on the temperature. Lettuce seeds that are bought in stores are usually treated to improve the germination process, even when lots of light is unavailable. Although, light sensitive leaves need a lot higher levels of phytochrome far red light to bring the seed out of dormancy (Kendrick and Russell 1975). Using all the information I have gathered, I hypothesised that the red light and white light would cause a greater percentage of germination than the other lights, because they produced more far red light. Methods The lettuce seeds that we used (Lactuca sativa L.cv Tango), were dried and stored at 22oC until we used them. We used gibberellin acid (GA3) of ≠¥ 90% purity, at the following concentrations; 10-3, 10-4, 10-5, and 10-6. The red light source we used was gathered by filtering white light that came from a twenty-five watt fluorescent bulb, through two layers of dark red cellophane paper. We got the far red light by a forty watt incandescent bulb. The light was then filtered through a container containing 10cm of water, which was placed above the two layers or red and blue cellophane. The white light we obtained was taken from a sixty watt light bulb. Twenty to thirty-five lettuce seeds were placed on two layers of whatman No. 1 filter paper, and all seeds were equally controlled in a room with a green light bulb. In each dish, 5ml of distilled water was added, along with 5ml of its appropriate GA3 solution. The dishes were wrapped in one layer of tin foil, and put in a darkened box. A control was also prepared. The seeds were added to a dish with distilled water. All the experiments were conducted at the same temperature, 24oC. When everything was ready, to figure out how many seeds were germinating, we counted how many seeds in each petri dish had a white radical coming out if it. When we were done, we recorded our results, and pooled them with the rest of the class (Migabo 2011). Seed Germination The time that a seed germinates, and whether or not it actually does germinate, depends on many factors. These factors include; the chemical environment, which must be the right conditions; oxygen must be present, and inhibitory chemicals must not be present. Germination also depends on the physical environment. Temperatures must be suited to the seed, and light quality and quantity must also be suited to the needs of the seed. In some cases, all these conditions are met, and still, the seed fails to germinate. This is because the seed is said to be dormant (Bewley and Black 1985). Seed dormancy is a short-lived deficiency, or block of an able seed to complete germination under suitable conditions. There are two different types of dormancy, embryo, and coat dormancy (Kucera et al.2005). Embryo dormancy is mostly common in woody species, but can also be found in blossoming plants as well. Coat dormancy is when the tissues that enclose the seed are too tight and the seed cannot overcome the constraint. Seeds can be released from dormancy through being chilled, sometimes for several weeks, or sometimes even months, at temperatures of one to five degrees Celsius. This means that seeds that rely on such ways of dormancy must wait for the cold seasons to pass before they can germinate (Bewley and Black 1985). Many seeds can germinate with, or without light, but the plants that require light, are called photoblastic, and are controlled by the phytochrome (Kendrick and Russell 1975). Phytochrome has two descriptions, the first one, Phytochrome red (Pr), is transformed by red light, to the second form, phytochrome far red (Pfr). Far red radiation can reverse the whole process. Phytochrome far red absorbs far red light (730nm), and phytochrome red absorbs red light (660nm) (Toyomasu et al. 1997). Seeds that are grown in darkness don’t germinate unless they are exposed to red light for a short period of time. For a red light to be effective, water content in the seed must be at 15%, because dry seeds do not respond to red light. In lettuce seeds that are matured naturally, phytochrome is most commonly in the form of phytochrome red, and in the dehydrated form, the conversion to phytochrome for red light is not possible (Kendrick and Russell 1975). Lettuce is an important vegetable cultivated worldwide, and requires high quality seeds. Lettuce seeds are unable to germinate in the dark, and are unable to germinate at high temperatures. These characteristics affect the rates that new seeds are developed (Metzger et al. 2009). Light is a very important factor in releasing seeds from dormancy. Seeds can be affected by being exposed to white light from just a few seconds, to or even minutes, others require intermittent light. The light frequency that is required depends on the temperature. Lettuce seeds that are bought in stores are usually treated to improve the germination process, even when lots of light is unavailable. Although, light sensitive leaves need a lot higher levels of phytochrome far red light to bring the seed out of dormancy (Kendrick and Russell 1975). Using all the information I have gathered, I hypothesised that the red light and white light would cause a greater percentage of germination than the other lights, because they produced more far red light. Methods The lettuce seeds that we used (Lactuca sativa L.cv Tango), were dried and stored at 22oC until we used them. We used gibberellin acid (GA3) of ≠¥ 90% purity, at the following concentrations; 10-3, 10-4, 10-5, and 10-6. The red light source we used was gathered by filtering white light that came from a twenty-five watt fluorescent bulb, through two layers of dark red cellophane paper. We got the far red light by a forty watt incandescent bulb. The light was then filtered through a container containing 10cm of water, which was placed above the two layers or red and blue cellophane. The white light we obtained was taken from a sixty watt light bulb. Twenty to thirty-five lettuce seeds were placed on two layers of whatman No. 1 filter paper, and all seeds were equally controlled in a room with a green light bulb. In each dish, 5ml of distilled water was added, along with 5ml of its appropriate GA3 solution. The dishes were wrapped in one layer of tin foil, and put in a darkened box. A control was also prepared. The seeds were added to a dish with distilled water. All the experiments were conducted at the same temperature, 24oC. When everything was ready, to figure out how many seeds were germinating, we counted how many seeds in each petri dish had a white radical coming out if it. When we were done, we recorded our results, and pooled them with the rest of the class (Migabo 2011).

History of Chocolate Essay

The first recorded evidence of chocolate as a food product goes back to Pre-Columbian Mexico. The Mayans and Aztecs were known to make a drink called â€Å"Xocoatll from the beans of the cocoa tree. In 1528, the conquering Spaniards returned to Spain with chocolate still consumed as a beverage. A similar chocolate drink was brought to a royal wedding in France in 1615, and England welcomed chocolate in 1662. To this point â€Å"chocolate† as we spell it today, had been spelled variously as â€Å"chocalatall, â€Å"jocolatte†, â€Å"jacolatte†, and â€Å"chockelet. 11. In 1847, Fry & Sons in England introduced the first â€Å"eating chocolate,† but did not attract much attention due to its bitter taste. In 1874, Daniel Peter, a famed Swiss chocolateer, experimented with various mixtures in an effort to balance chocolates rough flavor, and eventually stumbled upon that abundant product — milk. This changed everything and chocolate’s acceptance after that was quick and enthusiastic. GROWING COCOA BEANS Cocoa beans are usually grown on small plantations in suitable land areas 20 degrees north or south of the Equator. One mature cocoa tree can be expected to yield about five pounds of chocolate per year. These are planted in the shade of larger trees such as bananas or mangos, about 1000 trees per hectare (2,471 acres). Cocoa trees take five to eight years to mature. After harvesting from the trees, the pods (which contain the cocoa beans) are split open, beans removed, and the beans are put on trays covered with burlap for about a week until they brown. Then they are sun dried until the moisture content is below 7%. This normally takes another three days. After cleaning, the beans are weighed, selected and blended before roasting at 250 degrees Fahrenheit for two hours. Then shells are removed leaving the â€Å"nib. † Nibs are crushed to create a chocolate â€Å"mass. † This is the base raw material from which all chocolate products are made. KINDS OF CHOCOLATE Milk Chocolate This consists of at least 10% chocolate liquor (â€Å"raw† chocolate pressed from carob nibs) and 12% milk solids combined with sugar, cocoa butter (fat from nibs), and vanilla. Sweet and Semi-Sweet Chocolate Are made from 15-35% chocolate liquor, plus sugar, cocoa butter, and vanilla. Imprecision of the two terms causes them to commonly be called â€Å"dark† or â€Å"plain† chocolate. Dark chocolate has a large following among dessert makers, and for this reason is referred to as â€Å"baking† chocolate. Bittersweet and Bitter Chocolate Bittersweet usually contains 50% chocolate liguor and has a distinct â€Å"bite† to the taste. Bitter or unsweetened chocolate liquor also is used in baking and is also referred to as â€Å"bakers† chocolate. Creams and Variations Bite sized and chocolate covered. They are filled with caramels, nuts, creams, jellies, and so forth. White Chocolate Is not really chocolate as it contains no chocolate liquor, Carob This is a brown powder made from the pulverized fruit of a Mediterranean evergreen. It is used by some as a substitute for chocolate because it can be combined with vegetable fat and sugar, and made to approximately the color and consistency of chocolate. HOW CHOCOLATES ARE MADE chocolate pouring There are four basic methods of coating chocolate onto something such as caramel or a nut. They are: Enrobing Least expensive method. Centers are carried by conveyer through a machine that showers them with chocolate. Panning Chocolate is sprayed on the centers as they rotate in revolving pans, then cool air is blown in pan to harden the chocolates. Dipping Generally done by hand by small scale producers. Shell Moldinq Most sophisticated method. Used for most sculptural chocolates. The process consists of many intricate steps, thus causing it to be more expensive than other methods. (Source: Chocolate: The Consuming Passion by Sandra Boynton. Workman Publishing: New York, 1982).

A Interview On My Sales Manager Interview - 1766 Words

I structured this paper by giving you the insight about all the question I asked and the responses I received, ending it off with the list of facts I learned and knowledge I gained throughout the interview. For my sales manager interview I was fortunate enough to interview Chad Keaton, a wealth management advisor and a managing director of Northwestern Mutual. Mr. Keaton graduated from East Tennessee State University in 1989 with Bachelor of Business Administration in Marketing. Moreover, he joined Northwestern Mutual in 1993 and now it has been almost 20+ years since he has been in sales and sales force management with Northwestern Mutual here in Knoxville, TN. Founded in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Northwestern Mutual, as a middle west based company, started up with the earliest life insurance services in 1857. Even though, Northwestern Mutual has always been prominent for its life insurance products, the innovation and diversity in various financial services of business are undeniably more attractive. Risk management, wealth accumulation, wealth preservation and distribution are some of the major needs that Northwestern Mutual offers to the public with many specializations. The Northweste rn Mutual Financial Network offers a personalized approach to uncovering financial solutions tailored to each client s individual needs. Financial representatives within the Northwestern Mutual Network provide expert guidance and innovative solutions to help meet a client s financialShow MoreRelatedExploring Different Career Options With Wells Fargo Other Than Management Roles1439 Words   |  6 Pagesmanagement role was an unrealistic goal. I started networking and followed the capstone project guidelines. In the class lecture for week 8 the University Of Buffalo School Of Management provides suggestions for questions to ask during an exploratory interview, â€Å"Setting up appointments with all the friends, professional acquaintances and corporate bigwigs you can is just the first step. More important is knowing what to say once you arrive. Since wasting contacts time is unacceptable, you should prepareRead MoreCareer Development : The Career Opportunity955 Words   |  4 Pagespriority to keep my resume updated and to stay proactive in considering my next career move. New experiences, education, achievements, and networking relationships present opportunities for resume improvement. Staying current on external job listings and networking internally are two ways to ensure that I do not miss out on an opportunity. In addition, interview practice is invaluable in improving body language and in anticipating and preparing for difficult questions. In my experience, the preparedRead MoreWhen I Heard The Words, â€Å" Sales Manager† From My Father,1437 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å" sales manager† from my father, I automa tically assume that they have the power to be in charge of the workers in the building and such as hiring and training. I wonder how sales managers thought they would come that far to being a manager. They could have been promoted for being hardworking, having good communication skills, being able to take charge before anyone. I was always interested in what my parents work as in the business world. I focus more on my father since he has been a sales managerRead MoreThe Importance of Labor Relations and Human Resource Practices: Macys Inc Case Analysis1755 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Labor relations are a very critical component to the underlying business processes of a company. Through my interview, I gained a new prospective of the Human resource department, and how it functions relative to others departments within the corporation. Through my interview, I also gained insight into many of the common myths and misconceptions regarding the labor relations and human resource function . This insight was particular helpful in regards to the retail industry. The individual I interviewedRead MoreMy Interview With A Salesperson1700 Words   |  7 PagesMy interview with a salesperson My interview was conducted over the phone with Mr. Jonathan Mà ©nard, a sales project manager for Machinex Industries, located in Plessisville, Quà ©bec. Through the interview process, we spoke over the phone once for half an hour and exchanged emails over the course of a few days. He was very kind with his time and diligently answered all the questions I had, sometimes taking a few days to ponder over a question in order to provide me with an insightful answer. To setRead MoreA Newspaper Courier For Columbine Newspaper Essay970 Words   |  4 PagesI have had two â€Å"real† jobs in my life. I first worked as a newspaper courier for Columbine Newspaper. They laid me off and now, years later, I work as a Sales Representative for Cutco Cutlery. This company utilizes both the Classical theory and applies the systems theory to their organization. Organizing their company in this way has made them the number one kitchen cutlery company in the world and has created the ideal workplace in my eyes. Cutco utilizes part of the classical theory that is reflectedRead MoreJob Negotiation Dynamics Of A Recent Interview With Dell1404 Words   |  6 Pagespaper is to focus on the job negotiation dynamics of a recent interview with Dell for a Support Services Global Product Manager position in Aliso Viejo. The initial interview took place via telephone with a follow-on (in person) interview scheduled in two weeks. This paper will address the preparatory steps taken with respect to the pre-job negotiation, job negotiation, and post-mortem job negotiation stages of the initial interview. Pre-job negotiation preparation consisted of an analysis of theRead MoreImagine A Corporate World Without Management. No One To1232 Words   |  5 Pageswork environment. A more precise form of management is retail management. This style of management concerns organizations that are involved primarily in sales of a goods, typically in small quantities. Organizations such as Nordstrom’s, Macy’s and Footlocker consist of retail management. Retail management is the process of promoting greater sales and reaching a high level of customer satisfaction by gaining a better understanding of the consumers of goods and services produced by a company. A typicalRead MoreOrganization’S Overall Goals, Roles, Processes And Structures.1486 Words   |  6 Pagesstaffing solutions provider. The company works with companies across all industries and sizes in the Greater Philadelphia area, including South/Central Jersey and Delaware. Specialties include staffing for call centers, office support roles, inside sales and administrative positions. With the most extensive hiring process in the industry, Pathfinders established the company as the premier staffing agency in the area. The organization has many services available to name a few facilitate online andRead MoreMy Opinion On The Philosophy Of Management1325 Words   |  6 PagesTo better understand how management can be applied in real life, I interviewed Ms. Nga Pham, who is a sales manager of a real estate company called NAMHOUSE. I met her in a summer course and became greatly impressed with her viewpoint of management. Although Nga does not have formal education and certificate in real estate, she is an expert in this field through multiple experiences and self-training. Her daily tasks often include coaching or instructing her subordinates and team members, delegating