Creating A Sustainable Terrestrial Ecosystem Within A...

Mesocosm Lab Exploration Research Question: With the plants chosen, is it possible to create a sustainable terrestrial ecosystem within a sealed glass jar? Background Information The purpose of this experiment is to become familiar with how an ecosystem works, and discover the most sustainable kind of ecosystem. Based on knowing how an ecosystem works, predictions have been made that state if a terrestrial mesocosm is sealed for four weeks with plants inside, it can continue to live and thrive sealed from the outside environment because the plants will gain their moisture from the humidity left in the sealed jar. The plants will use photosynthesis and carbon dioxide in order to transform the carbon dioxide into oxygen and water. A mesocosm is any outdoors experimental system that examines the natural environment that is brought under controlled conditions. It is used to model a larger ecosystem. (Oxford Journals) Mesocosms help scientists as they allow a more accurate prediction of previously unpredictable events. (What is a Mesocosm) Mesocosms give scientists the opportunity to investigate the reaction of organisms to environmental change and have been used in experimental ecology since the early 20th century. They have been used for almost over a 100 years, but just recently became significant as a way of investigating certain ecological ideas. Mesocosms became more significant due to the study of climate change, since the late 90s. Through mesocosms, scientists are

The Enactment Of Arizona Immigration Laws - 1241 Words

A.Thesis statement: The enactment of Arizona immigration laws is the result of long-standing structural racism effects, and the practice of these laws leads to unconstitutional racial profiling concerns that target the Latino community on the basis of ethnicity. B. Description of paper / argument: a. In this paper, I will first discuss the historical development of structural racism in Arizona. b. Second, I will examine and analyze Arizona’s current immigration policies. c. Finally, I will discuss unconstitutional practices that have originated from the criminalization of the immigration legislations toward the Latino community. d. I will argue that the current immigration system in Arizona results in a continual perpetuation of structural racism affecting the daily lives of its Latino communities. e. Recommendations to be constructed†¦ BACKGROUND †¢ The Historical Emergence of Structural Racism in Arizona Several historical legislations have contributed to the intensification of structural racism in Arizona towards Latino immigrants that has been carried along to modern days. Most of them originated from past disputes over illegal immigration, which for the most part entail perceptions of illegal immigrants as â€Å"criminal aliens†. 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SinceRead More Essay about Undocumented Students769 Words   |  4 Pagesimportance of this growing outrage and discuss the following that corresponds to it. †¢ Definition of the term â€Å" Undocumented Students† †¢ The three main obstacles for higher education (admission, tuition, and financial aid) †¢ Arizona’s new immigration law †¢ The D.R.E.A.M act The term â€Å"undocumented students† is given to the children of foreign nationals who entered the United States legally with their families, but remained without an authorization. In some cases they have crossed the borderRead MoreImmigration Senior Project1544 Words   |  7 PagesSenior Project Immigration Obama’s Immigration Reform Xihara Rosario Class 172 Mrs. Prysler Northeast High School Outline 1. Introduction What is my topic? Why I chose it? What do I already know about my topic? What I expect to learn? 2. 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In an attempt to curtail enactment of these laws, the United States Department of Justice, United States Department of Homeland Security, United States Department of State, and Unite d States Department of Education filed complaints against both states. Additionally, there are over â€Å"865 bills and resolutions relating to immigrants and refugees in 45 state legislatures and the DistrictRead MoreHistory of Immigration in the United States Essay1839 Words   |  8 Pagesof the United States immigration has become apart of our country’s fabric which, began centuries ago. Only to become a hot topic in the US in recent years with its primary focus being illegal immigrants. Illegal immigration is when people enter a country without government permission. As of 2008 the Center for Immigration Studies estimated that there are 11 million illegal immigrants in the US which is down from 2007‘s 12.5 million people. Although the Center for Immigration Studies estimates areRead MoreImmigration Of The United States1440 Words   |  6 PagesImmigration Immigration happens everywhere around the world but people like to come to the U.S. because they hear about the American dream. Citizens of certain developed countries deemed politically and economically stable by the U.S. government are allowed to visit up to 90 days without obtaining a visa (What is Immigration Law). Immigration is an important factor in the development of all countries as long as it is legal. Here in the United States, immigration provides for economic, social, and

Business Strategy Toyota

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Strategy forToyota. Answer: Introduction The report is based on the application of Strategic Change management taking place in Toyota Motor Corporation. Over the year the company has undergone significant changes in order to become one of the finest auto-maker. It is known across the world as a leading example for achieving long-term sustainable growth. The primary focus of the company is to attain a sustainable growth by becoming a good corporate citizen. They are constantly developing strategies in acquiring trust and respect internationally (Todnem By, 2005). Companys Overview They have adopted an effective business environment by focusing on the long term strategies. The company has implemented the Toyota way strategy in the year 2001. The company was found in 1937. This strategy has helped them in embracing sustainable changes. They understand the importance of implementing changes as per the business environment. It is evident for the business organization is to develop policies by focusing on the internal as well as external environment (Toyota Global. 2017). As a business organization they have developed problem solving strategies. These strategies have helped Toyota in attaining sustainable targets on a long run. They are however focused their key strategies by developing employees. This has helped the organization in attaining productivity (Anderson and Anderson, 2010). Employees training and development is important aspect for the growth of the organization. In order to achieve a sustainable growth it is evident that the organization needs to recog nize the root solving attitude which will help in attaining desired goals. Toyota has developed a coherent strategy that has helped the company in attaining the sustainable objectives (Cameron and Green, 2015). The Toyota Motor Corporation has proactively designed strategies in order to attain consensus. It is important that the business organization need to implement changes as per the changing environment. The Toyota Corporation has expanded itself throughout the world. In such a difficult situation it is important for a business organization to develop policies with the changing environment. Toyota has a vision of becoming the global leader by 2020 for that it has developed various principles. It has drafted all the coherent policies in its memorandum that has helped the company in attaining desirable growth. In order to become a global leader it is essential that the brand need to excessively implement policies that are important in the current business scenario. It has developed the long term sustainable goals by considering the various aspects. Likewise Toyota needs to develop policies in order to become the world leader. It is difficult for an individual to implement changes in an organization. It is necessary to develop policies in a way that the corporation is able to incorporate changes in order to manage changes (Weiner, 2009). The report establishes a relationship in between the changes that are necessary for implementing effective changes. It is essential to recognize the issue and to implement the strategic changes in order to attain desirable objectives. It is essential to identify the stakeholder interest in order to draw inference in order to understand the benefit related to the organization. The report inculcates important strategies that are necessary to be implemented in order to attain sustainable objectives. Improvements can only be achieved if the organization is considering changes in an effective manner (Weiner, 2009). Model in Change Management The Toyota needs to explore the change management practice that will help in managing the changes in an effective manner. The Kurt Lewin model of change management is effectively use by the organizations across the globe that is necessary for utilizing the effective change in the organization. Toyota needs to improve the employee engagement policies in order to attain desired result. The change management is important for an organization to adopt desirable goals. The transition model is important for an organization in order to attain inspirational result. Employee engagement and recruitment is important for developing effective policies. Training and development of employees is important for an organization in order to attain goals (Turner, 2014). Kurt Lewin change management model He has introduced the change management theory which states: Unfreeze: firstly the organization it is important that Toyota need to implement effective change management theory by the organization. The policies that is important for organization is important to implement changes. Thus it is important for the Toyota to develop effective policies in order to attain a significant market share. It is necessary for an organization to develop policies according to the structure that is important to be implemented (Hayes, 2014). Change: the change need to be implemented in a strategic manner. It is necessary that the changes need to be initiated in a systematic manner. The changes related to effective human resource recruitment and engagement as per individual capacity need to be taken wisely. Changes are supposed to be implemented in a systematic manner. Proper training and development of employees is necessary in an organization in order to achieve systematic results. The change process is difficult for an organization in order to attain systematized result (Thompson and Martin, 2010). Freeze: the organization takes time to incorporate changes in the routine. For the purpose it is evident that the organization needs to develop policies in a way that it is able to utilize full efficiency. Changes when introduced in a systematic manner in order to attain efficiency. This is necessary for Toyota to incorporate changes in such a manner so that the goals can be attained. It takes time for an individual to incorporate changes in regular life. For the purpose of achieving sustainable targets Toyota need to incorporate effective employees engagement policies. Employees training and development is important aspect for the growth of the organization (Kaminski, 2011). Change Through the Learning of Organization (By Peter Senge 1992) There are five core competencies as described in the model that involves creative learning. It is necessary that the organization focus on developing shared vision. This will help the organization in attaining desired goals within a stipulated time frame. Personal mastery at work is evident for an individual in order to attain desired goals. Toyota need to work on group motivation and should overcome the challenges by focusing on the individual strength. One should understand the purpose of working together in order to attain desired goals (Levasseur, 2001). It is evident that team work is important for an organization in order to develop desired results. It is necessary to gather together and work as a team to attain the goal. It is necessary to understand individual behavior to work in an effective manner (Carter, 2008). The system need to focus on developing relationship among the team members. It is evident that the relationship among the employees in order to attain pre-determined results. It is necessary to distribute responsibilities in a manner they are evident for an individual (Ford, Ford and D'Amelio, 2008). McKinsey 7S Model (Robert Waterman, Tom Peters - 1980) The model focuses son developing strategy for the organization in order to attain sustainable objectives. It is evident that it is essential to focus upon the different strategy in order to imply changes. The purpose of the model is to understand the changes taking place in an organization. It is evident that the organization needs to follow an effective policies and procedures in order to organize a change in an organization. McKinsey 7S Model includes focus on 7S in an organization. This helps in establishing effective: Levasseur, R.E., 2001 Strategy: it is evident for a multinational organization to develop strategies in a manner that it helps in attain desirable objectives. Changes need to be implemented in a systematic manner. It is necessary that an organization like Toyota needs to develop strategies. The change management strategies need to be attained by implementing strategies wisely(Bilton, 2007) Structure: all the decision related to the organizational change take place through a proper structure. It is recommended that the organization need to follow a proper structure in order to attain desired objectives. Toyota needs to follow futuristic policies by putting extra efforts on its structure. Systems: the system is the procedure that is required to be followed in order to attain desirable objectives. It is important that the business organization need to implement changes as per the changing environment. The Toyota Corporation has expanded itself throughout the world. This is evident that the organization needs to adopt the policies under the capacity which helps in systematic implementation of goals (Pinder, 2014). Shared value: The organization need to develop a structure that focus on sharing organizational culture and value. The value system and mechanisms important for an organization to understand the role of an individual in attaining desired results. The shared value is the mechanism that is followed in an organization in order to implement the policies effectively (DuBrin, 2013). Skill: It is necessary that the skills need to be imbibed in a manner that helps in understanding the desirable objectives. The employees need to be trained in a manner that helps the organization in attaining high level of efficacy. . The transition model is important for an organization in order to attain inspirational result. Employee engagement and recruitment is important for developing effective policies. Training and development is efficient in an organization in order to attain long-term objectives. Style: The style is important for an organization in order to attain desirable form of objectives in order to emphasize on systematic manner. It is necessary that the organization has to develop effective policies that need to be developed in a manner that are efficient that has long term sustainability. In order to become a global leader it is essential that the brand need to excessively implement policies that are important in the current business scenario (Ford, Ford. and D'Amelio, 2008). Staff: It is necessary that the staff need to be trained in a manner that help in attaining desirable objectives. The staff needs to be given training manner in a manner that helps in achieving desired objectives. The Mc Kinsey model focuses on developing policies in such a manner that help Toyota in understanding desirable objectives. Training and development of employees is important in order to attain efficiency in an organization (Jones, 2010). Corporate Governance It is evident for an organization to follow effective corporate governance policies in order to attain desirable objectives. The company has to follow the compliance in order to set a corporate goal. In order to achieve recognition Toyota need to develop objectives that focus on attaining compliance objectives. The purpose of the company is to meet the future requirements. This is evident that the organization has to develop policies in accordance with the desirable objectives. It is necessary that the management should have complied with the effective changes occurring in the surrounding. Conclusion To conclude it is evident that the organization needs to develop policies in such a manner that changes are effective. Toyota needs to develop effective change management theory that helps in attaining sustainable objectives. In order to implement changes effectively changes need to be incorporated in a manner that helps in attaining desired objectives. The report is based on the process of change management in Toyota. As a business organization they have developed problem solving strategies. These strategies has helped Toyota in attaining sustainable targets on a long run, they are however focused their key strategies by developing employees. It is necessary that the organization need to develop policies in an effective manner so that the objectives can be attained. The report describes various change management theories in context of Toyota. This has helped in attaining a better understanding in order to attain desirable results. Changes are important for an organization in order t o survive in the dynamic environment. In the dynamic environment it is important for an individual top develop policies in a way it help in achieving sustainable objectives. References Anderson, D. and Anderson, L.A., 2010.Beyond change management: How to achieve breakthrough results through conscious change leadership. John Wiley Sons. Bilton, C., 2007.Management and creativity: From creative industries to creative management. Blackwell Publishing. Cameron, E. and Green, M., 2015.Making sense of change management: a complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Carter, E., 2008. Successful change requires more than change management.The Journal for Quality and participation,31(1), p.20. Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G., 2014.Organization development and change. Cengage learning. DuBrin, A.J., 2013.Fundamentals of organizational behavior: An applied perspective. Elsevier. Ford, J.D., Ford, L.W. and D'Amelio, A., 2008. Resistance to change: The rest of the story.Academy of management Review,33(2), pp.362-377. Hayes, J., 2014.The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Jones, G.R., 2010. Organizational theory, design, and change. Kaminski, J., 2011. Theory applied to informatics-Lewins change theory.Canadian Journal of Nursing Informatics,6(1). Levasseur, R.E., 2001. People skills: Change management toolsLewin's change model.Interfaces,31(4), pp.71-73. Pinder, C.C., 2014.Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Thompson, J.L. and Martin, F., 2010.Strategic management: awareness change. Cengage Learning EMEA. Todnem By, R., 2005. Organisational change management: A critical review.Journal of change management,5(4), pp.369-380. Toyota Global. 2017. ONLINE. Available at: https://www.toyota-global.com/ Accessed on: 23 April 2017 Turner, J.R., 2014.The handbook of project-based management(Vol. 92). New York, NY: McGraw-hill. Weiner, B.J., 2009. A theory of organizational readiness for change.Implementation science,4(1), p.67.

Stalking Online An Invasion of Privacy Essay Example

Stalking Online: An Invasion of Privacy Essay Stalking Online: An Invasion of Privacy BY ABACAS Stalking Online A Invasion of Privacy Privacy laws are applicable to everyone. Report Prepared for Assessment Legal Studies 2013 Introduction Australian Privacy Laws have been challenged to include the changing use of the internet that has seen a huge insurgence in the use of social media that facilitates a form of a stalking for users who are in reality advanced users of the internet with capabilities above the normal person knowledge in using the internet to Stalk or to Cyber Bully their victims causing sincere harm to a percentage of our community. We will write a custom essay sample on Stalking Online: An Invasion of Privacy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Stalking Online: An Invasion of Privacy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Stalking Online: An Invasion of Privacy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This report will show the many reasons we have to research, identify and change the way we deal with Stalking and Cyber Stalking and the increasing use of online scams that invade our privacy as well as the privacy of our children. Our research will ultimately allow us to lobby for the government to amend the Privacy ACT. The Privacy Act There has been a slow legal argument against cyber stalking and any progress towards a national approach to cyber stalking has been met with a lack of knowledge and understanding by : 1. Australian Police 2. Federal Police 3. Dept Communities(Docs,DISH) 4. Judiciousness,Prosecutors) 5. Legal (lawyers,Barristers,legal aid) 6. Community Support Groups Most computerized Stalking has caused the Australia Government to closely monitor the Privacy ACT (1988) to be able to make amendments to the Act that currently seem to be inadequate in protecting a community, that appears to know they are being criminally attacked but lack the ability to be able to control it through contacting the police or other government agents such as the Police, the Federal Police or other Government Agencies. Because the Privacy Law are very compelled it is unclear to he average Police Officer trained to protect a community through various forms of strategies to keep up with technology that changes daily. A good example would be that you have a couple hours spare in a day or night and you sign up to Backbone to share stories or communicate with your friends and family and because you are new to social networking you are advised to network with groups that interest you and a friend of a friend asks to Joins your network and you believe because you being security minded and dont want to expose yourself to anybody you check the person UT you are about to friend, as soon as you click connect that person you have be friend has downloaded every single picture from your photo albums because you neglected to make them private or you Just did not understand how to use the settings, within the hour of Joining your new friend has also obtained the names of your children your brothers and sisters and even the names of you best friends. You life proud of your life, you have never been involved with any crime or have been affected by crime that you have not even heard about because you cannot understand why anyone would want to steal your childrens pictures or contact your est. friend to tell them you are a bad parent, you know that you are being stalked but you are not sure what to do about it Your friends family and even strangers have witnessed that someone is stalking you and has been sent threats or undue attention being told you have been rude or abusive to attract the attention and you feel helpless and you approach the police with the appropriate paper work , the police will take a quick look and unless there are pornographic images or death threats will tell you to block this person from your friends list even though you know who it is here they live and their contact details, they send you away with taking no action, what the police have done is what the Stalker has predicted and then repeats the abuse agai n and again until you take the law into your own hands because the police are not interested , in reality they are not trained, they have better things to do, they may be advise you to take civil action but it can be proved that civil action is not going to stop a stalker or cyber bully because the crime being committed . Law Enforcement the First Step The Law Police officers are trained under become very confusing and unclear cause of consistent changing of technology then becomes UN reliable to police. Though we do have the ability to interpolate remedy we still have yet to change the Privacy Act surrounding internet Stalking and Cyber Bullying. Police Nationally approach any kind of Internet Stalking with skepticism due to not really knowing if a crime has been committed and rather approach the crime with a warning rather than with an investigation, despite a national call to increase a action to internet crimes little has been advanced to protect families. Stalking was first legislated against in Australia in the mid-asses. While much previous research has investigated the psychological characteristics of offenders, and the impact of stalking upon victims, relatively little research has examined police and court practices in dealing with thisnew crime (Dry Emma Gillie 2000) The Act: What Needs Changing (Middleton Brock, 2013) l lost my home, I lost my identity and had to have my name changed. Nanette told viewers to the BBC Insight programmer when she openly told of her desperate attempts to have the police investigate a man that was stalking her. Privacy Laws do need to be reviewed and government agencies like the police do need to be trained in how to apply them to crimes like Stalking or online Cyber Bullying. Appropriately when a mother or Father observes a stranger observing their daughter or son on a social network internet site and sending threatening or abusive messages you would assume that it would be a crime and that the police being the first point of contact would act for the safety of the child, it is a common believed thought process that there is a danger we are told that the person could be grooming our children contact the Police. Unfortunately Police are neither trained or are they allowed to investigate the thousands of complaints reported daily that has seen parents believe they are being ignored by a crime that is dangerous on the outset and more than likely the first crime ever to affect their inner family boundaries, and a father must protect the family at all costs despite the negative deter the danger away from the family. The Failure of a investigation has seen the online stalking / Cyber Bullying crimes exacerbated into a more serious crimes where parents have taken the Law into their own hands, a good example of this was the cent Logan Racial war where Logan City Police did not investigate the crime of a brick being thrown through a car window and the residents feared for their safety took the law into their own hands. The same aspect of fear is causing select members of our community to become victims or a lack of policing and a lack of community support simply because we do not know how to address online stalking and Cyber Bullying or online Scams. (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2011) In 2010-11, 6. 2 million households had broadband internet access, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). This statistic is a guide only and a indicator that every day more Australians become communicative on the internet and use social networking websites to: 1. Communicate with Family 2. View News Currents Affairs 3. Homework 4. Research 5. Make New Friends 6. Pay Bills 7. Shopping These are Just a small example of how anybody in our community could use the internet to communicate that offers a feedback and that is where a difference of opinion or a direct way that a internet user can be picked out by an experienced online cyber bully who acts only to cause harm and fear within a environment of Cyber Space or to confuse a victim into handing over money. Every day in Every City of Australia including small country towns a Judge is faced with a civil action where the complaint was made on a social networking internet site such as Backbone or You Tube. Mostly every complaint was ignored by the Police except to deliver the summons to appear in the Magistrates Court, It costs Just $90. 00 to bring an action in the Magistrates Court but in reality it costs about $2000 or more per attendance to address an issue that usually was caused by an experienced internet user that has seed the court system in a civil way to Justify their stalking or cyber bullying, increasingly most online social networking criminals suffer a serious mental illness and rely on a disability pension to support their day to day activities . Even though a cyber bully may have had hundreds of criminal complaints made against them police do not act because their training is insufficient and untested, even some police are affected by Cyber Bullying and can do little to stop the threats Australians Can Stop Stalking and Cyber Bullying With the correct lobbying and awareness strategies a community can focus on the robber of what internet Stalking is, what Cyber Bullying, is and to ensure all Police and Government Agencies are trained as part of their induction into being a Police Officer to identify online Stalking and the related Crimes, to treat Cyber Crime as a serious crime, to offer support services as well as remedy be it by investigating the crime or referring it to the appropriate investigative agency. (Laptop. Smartened. Tablet, 2013) In order to use many online services like Google, of that service. But how many times have you actually read these terms and conditions and do you really know what you are agreeing to? When We care Enough we will Change the LaW'(Pete Geary. 013) lobby a community to change the Law and the Law will be changed, Australians have been busy learning how to use the internet and to learn ways they can best utilities the internet into their everyday lives and internet security is a subject most Australian Households would be very keen to act upon , keeping up is an effort and understanding the technology makes it difficult to make a positive arrangement in how they will use the internet and what precautions they may take to understand their security and how they are meant to be used, sadly e dont yet have community services that can sit beside us and tell us if we are doing the right processes needing to keep us or our family safe but we can be assure that soon there will be virtual security guards protecting us from the criminals ready to destroy our bonds, our safety and our feeling of well being. The very same attitude is related to our Laws as we do not have a confident Law in place that provides us with protection from Cyber Bullys/ Stalkers, Cameras and more, You cannot safely post pictures to your family social networking site without any photographed or scammed from retrieving it to put to their own use. To change the law we need to lobby our concerns to our political representative who shall carry our concerns to the law makers, who will promote the research needed to remedy ways we can train and retrain law enforcement and community support groups to deal with the after affects of online stalking cyber bullying and or infringements such as slander defamation and trademark copy write infringements The crime is Stalking, Cyber Bullying a data base can be set up to identify serial complaints from a national Data base, including a international data base which can be accessed by Police by a simple internet search and if the offender is known to police then a investigation should take place to ensure that the complainant is taken seriously and that their fear is dealt with, the serial stalker must be identified and charged to bring it to the attention of law enforcement and community support groups, Legal Aid should be available to cases where stalking and cyber bullying has affected a persons ability to represent themselves in situations where stalking and cyber bullying has caused civil action due to the non-investigations of crimes that were committed .

The eNotes Blog This is the RealWorld

This is the RealWorld And no, its not the kind where seven people are picked to live in a house. In our editorial interns final post, she tells you all the things you shouldnt waste your time worrying about in this time of inevitable worriesgraduation. Hi all, Today is my last day as an intern at .  Because they’re promoting me to an EXECUTIVE POSITION. Hah, just kidding. They’re kicking me out.  My internship has run its course and now we must part ways (sigh). I’ve been doing a lot of thinking lately. As I walk away from this position and from my previous college lifestyle, I can’t help but feel like scissors are snipping at the ties that connected me to these things. Many things are finished and done. And it feels a little like that painful moment someone harshly yanks the blinds open after you’ve been sitting in a dark room for 5 hours. Life after college†¦is a really strange thing. I’d like to equate it to a baby bird’s first flight. That moment you leave college is the same moment someone kicks you square in the back. You start to freefall downwards and it’s exhilarating but scary. You don’t know how to flap your wings or gain altitude because you’ve never done it before, but you’re trying with all your might to do something- anything. You know that you are capable of flight, you can feel it as the adrenaline rushes through you. I think we are all humming Tom Petty in our heads right now. When we leave college, we’re free for the first time. No homework, no essays, no school responsibilities. No strict guidance, no tunnel vision, no more college microcosm. We can take our lives in any direction we choose to. But that doesn’t mean we necessarily know how to handle the situation or understand it fully. That doesn’t mean that we’re going to know how to grasp the real world off the bat, or even comprehend it. We’re thrown into it, and told to make it work. We know we can because a lot of people can. We know we can because we have a desire to and that desire fuels us. But we’re young. I’m not talking about age. I’m talking about our understanding of the world and of who we are. We’re young. So, it seems, the freefall is the only way we can prompt self growth, but it’s definitely not the most comfortable of feelings. I’m undeniably in this free fall right now. I’m actually writing to you as I pummel toward the earth. In the past couple of weeks, I’ve done a lot of worrying. A whole lot of worrying. To me, it makes perfect sense. New world, new life, new opportunities, and decisions that need to be made†¦these are all things that bring their own baggage- their own sets of worries and stressors. Throw ‘em all together and you’ve got one huge, heavy mess. There’s a good chance this will happen to you at some point, so I’m going to go ahead and help you through it. There are some things that don’t need to be worried about. But we worry about them because we don’t realize we’re worrying about things that don’t need to be worried about. Let’s pretend like that sentence was really clear and not a run-on at all. Here are some things you shouldn’t waste your time worrying about, like I did. Don’t worry about failing. If you’re chasing something- a goal, a dream, a degree, a career- just chase it, with all the gusto you have. Don’t let your mind be boggled by the potentiality of failing. It will distract. You likely won’t fail. And if you do, well†¦failure is also a good thing. It teaches. The best lessons are learnt from failing at something. Either you succeed at your dream, and move on, or you fail at it, and move on. Both of these things will leave you more knowledgeable about yourself, about life, and about what you really want from both of those things. Hello†¦this is a win-win. Don’t worry about what your life is going to look like in 25 years. Mini van. Dog. Three kids. A house. Early retirement. It’s good to have an idea of what you want your life to look like, and it’s good to take action to make those things more of a possibility. But stop stressing over them. Most of our plans are just rough drafts or sketches anyways. Things rarely happen the way we expect or plan on them to. So why dwell? Silly goose. Don’t worry about things that haven’t happened yet. â€Å"If I don’t get this job then I’ll be unemployed and I’ll lose all of my friends because I won’t be able to go out anymore and I’ll just have to hang out with a dog and talk to it and I’ll eventually lose all my money and my apartment and my ability to remain hygienic and basically my life is going to be OVER.† Yes, let’s not do this. Half of the things we worry about are things that haven’t come into fruition yet. They’re thoughts. Little puffs of air that we catch in jars and then stare at until our eyeballs hurt. There’s nothing there. Stop staring. Stop it! Be in the present, not trapped in the different futures you’ve managed to paint. If something worry-worth actually occurs, worry about it then, but only then. Don’t worry about what your friendships and relationships will look like as your life moves forward. Just keep in touch with your friends and loved ones. Those who remain in your life are meant to, those who don’t might turn up again later or might not. We can’t control these things except by how much effort we put forth. So show that you care and love these special people, but don’t worry that they’ll leave you. That just makes for messes, drama, and crying. The kinds of emotion you feel during the gut-wrenching, tear jerking portion of a rom-com. Yuck. Don’t worry about finding a perfect career that’ll last you a lifetime. This is just silly. In life, we change constantly, and so do our interests. It’s not really probable to assume that a career you pick now will make you happy forever. In all likelihood, it won’t. In order for you to actually succeed at and enjoy your career, you will need to find work based off of what you feel in the present- what’s driving you now. So, with that in mind, there’s no need to worry about finding the perfect career that’ll last forever. Just find yourself a path that feels right for right now. Don’t worry so much about what happens later. A wise man and renowned poet named  Robert Sylvester Kelly (commonly known as  R. Kelly), once  sang  to the heavens these famous words: I believe I can fly. Well, friends,  I believe  you  can fly.   Its been nice knowing you, folks. Good luck.

Definition of Lecompton Constitution

Definition of Lecompton Constitution The Lecompton Constitution was a controversial and disputed legal document of the Kansas Territory that became the focus of a great national crisis as the United States split over the issue of slavery in the decade before the Civil War. Though it is not widely remembered today, just the mention of Lecompton stirred deep emotions among Americans in the late 1850s. The controversy arose because a proposed state constitution, which had been drafted in the territorial capital of Lecompton, would have made slavery legal in the new state of Kansas. And, in the decades before the Civil War, the issue of whether slavery would be legal in new states was perhaps the most intensely debated issue in America. The controversy over the Lecompton Constitution eventually reached the White House of James Buchanan and was also heatedly debated on Capitol Hill. The issue of Lecompton, which came to define whether Kansas would be a free state or a slave state, also influenced the political careers of Stephen Douglas and Abraham Lincoln. The Lecompton crisis played a role in the Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858. And the political fallout over Lecompton split the Democratic Party in ways that made Lincolns victory in the election of 1860 possible. It became a significant event on the nations path toward Civil War. And so that national controversy over Lecompton, though generally forgotten today, came to be a major issue on the nations road toward Civil War. Background of the Lecompton Constitution States entering the Union must draw up a constitution, and the Kansas territory had particular problems doing so when it moved to become a state in the late 1850s. A constitutional convention held at Topeka came up with an constitution that did not allow for slavery. However, pro-slavery Kansans held a convention in the territorial capital of Lecompton and created a state constitution that made slavery legal. It fell to the federal government to determine which state constitution would go into effect. President James Buchanan, who was known as a dough face, a northern politician with southern sympathies, endorsed the Lecompton Constitution. Significance of the Dispute Over Lecompton As it was generally assumed that the pro-slavery constitution had been voted upon in an election in which many Kansans refused to vote, Buchanans decision was controversial. And the Lecompton Constitution split the Democratic party, putting the powerful Illinois senator Stephen Douglas in opposition to many other Democrats. The Lecompton Constitution, although a seemingly obscure issue, actually became a subject of intense national debate. For example, in 1858 stories about the Lecompton issue appeared regularly on the front page of the New York Times. And the split within the Democratic Party persisted through the election of 1860, which would be won by the Republican candidate, Abraham Lincoln. The U.S. House of Representatives refused to honor the Lecompton Constitution, and the voters in Kansas also rejected it. When Kansas eventually entered the Union in early 1861 it was as a free state.

Competitive Set Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Competitive Set Analysis - Assignment Example based on the six companies zip codes: Fairmont Heritage 94109-1192; Joie De Vivre 94109-5817; Holiday Inn Golden 94109-4606; Mithila 94109-6025 and Rodeway Inn 94109-7711. Apart from the 6 rival companies sharing the same locality, they all participate in the STAR report Motel 6 #8089; Rhodeway Inn #5617; Mithila #58885; Joie de Vivre #11872; Holiay Inn #184, Fairmont Heritage #58922 and Courtyard Downtown #42679 (SFTA 2014). The companies also have close proximity to San Francisco International airport making poaching for clients challenging Motel 6 9.1 miles; Courtyard Downtown 5 miles; Joie De Vivre 12 miles; Rode-way Inn 12 miles; Mithila 14.1 miles; Fairmont Heritage 15 miles and Holiday-Inn Golden 16 miles. The companies also have competitive services and prices which influence Motel 6 performance. Their standard lodging rates include Motel 6 $131 per night; Mithila Hotel $80 per night; Rode-way $99 per night; Courtyard Downtown $149 per night; Holiday Inn $184 per night; Joie De Vivre $215 per night and Fairmont Heritage $474 per night (SFTA

War and Meaninglessness of Life Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

War and Meaninglessness of Life - Research Paper Example On the other hand, in the attempt to summon meditation to end war and fighting, Lennon writes â€Å"Imagine there’s no heaven ... Imagine there’s no countries† at the beginning of each stanza. On hearing, it seems that the ballad of â€Å"Imagine† is a spoken song with a rhythm that humbly persuades the audience to aim for peace and perceive a ray of hope in loving each other rather than being divided by individual causes. The song likely mesmerizes the listener to heed and understand how essential it is to put an end to hostilities by imagining a world without faith, without nation, and with only a few moments to spend. This situation would only take place when people are stubborn to proceed with separate ways and are reluctant to strive to unite in belief or principles that lead to happiness and improvement of well-being. Lennon’s â€Å"Imagine† proposes that war would only come to a stop when people begin to accept the truth and respond wi th positive action after pondering on the undesirable consequences of violence and complete disorder. In a similar manner, â€Å"Fix da World Up† concretizes resolution for a variety of social issues in and out of a society. Mastaplann raps â€Å"Fix da World Up† to convey the unwanted pregnancy of the girl named Susie, drug addiction, the constant struggle for peace between Jews and Arabs, racial discrimination, and ignorance.â€Å"If I Ruled the World† in 1985 and the version rendered by Nas bearing the same title in 1996 share a common principle of rapping the struggle against abusive authorities.... On the other hand, in the attempt to summon meditation to end war and fighting, Lennon writes â€Å"Imagine there’s no heaven ... Imagine all the people living for today ... Imagine there’s no countries† at the beginning of each stanza. On hearing, it seems that the ballad of â€Å"Imagine† is a spoken song with a rhythm that humbly persuades the audience to aim for peace and perceive a ray of hope in loving each other rather than being divided by individual causes. The song likely mesmerizes the listener to heed and understand how essential it is to put an end to hostilities by imagining a world without faith, without nation, and with only a few moments to spend. This situation would only take place when people are stubborn to proceed with separate ways and are reluctant to strive to unite in belief or principles that lead to happiness and improvement of well-being. Lennon’s â€Å"Imagine† proposes that war would only come to a stop when peo ple begin to accept the truth and respond with positive action after pondering on the undesirable consequences of violence and complete disorder. In the similar manner, â€Å"Fix da World Up† (Mastaplann, 1993, track 3) concretizes resolution for a variety of social issues in and out of a society. Mastaplann raps â€Å"Fix da World Up† to convey the unwanted pregnancy of the girl named Susie, drug addiction, the constant struggle for peace between Jews and Arabs, racial discrimination, and ignorance. With its rhythm and substance, the rap artists can be felt to raise the level of consciousness of the targeted young audience by means not only of the style and lively beat, it is particularly striking how Mastaplann rappers invested craftsmanship by demonstrating wide knowledge of their environment and the prevailing

Non resident citizens Essay Example for Free

Non resident citizens Essay Universal suffrage is a term that is used to refer to the right of adult citizens to vote. Suffrage includes the right to vote as well as the opportunities that are available to vote. Universal suffrage however refers mainly to the right to vote (wordnet. princeton. edu). A government should therefore seek the mandate of the people to continue being in office. Traditionally, universal male suffrage referred to the right of males to vote irrespective of their economic status. Each male was not required to show any wealth ownership in order to vote. France started practicing universal male suffrage as early as 1792 during the revolutionally period but only in theory. They however faced severe challenges during this period and the theory did not materialize until 1848 when resident citizens were granted this right. In most countries around the globe, voting rights were only extended to those who proved their wealth ownership who were only a few males. Other world democracies considered religion as an important factor which decided who to vote. As time went by, most of these restrictions were dropped and many citizens got the opportunity to cast their vote. This was due to the role that democratic movements played in the 19th century by unifying Liberals and Social Democrats in northern Europe. The movements were quite fruitful as their slogans like Equal and Common Suffrage finally granted full universal suffrage to even women. ( By Republican (not a Radical†) Universal Suffrage: Female Suffrage). France however denied women the right to vote until 1944. Even though full universal suffrage was practiced later, some citizens did not benefit from the privilege of voting especially criminals, the mentally ill and non resident citizens. Various movements contributed to the campaigns that saw the birth of full universal suffrage. In the 19th century, the movements aimed at removing wealth requirements for voters. It later campaigned for the right of women to participate in the voting process in the 20th century. The 2nd world war was a major setback to the enactment of the universal suffrage because it interfered with the normal legal process of many nations. Race and ethnicity are other major factors that have hindered many citizens from voting. Many nations in the world denied minority groups the right to vote on the basis of their race or ethnicity. For instance, in South Africa, the people who could only vote were whites during the apartheid era. This continued until 1994 when mult-party democracy was instituted. Similarly the blacks were also not allowed to vote in the United States of America even though they had that right. The formation of the Ku Klux Klan after the American Civil War ensured that blacks were intimidated in order not to vote. Disfranchisement refers to denying someone the right to vote. In the United States of America, the poor were denied the right to vote if they paid no taxes or if they were under a welfare system which gave them assistance. Non resident citizens are also denied this right to a certain degree; Italians are represented by a representative at-large in the Italian parliament, United States citizens who live outside the U. S. usually vote as residents of the last state where they lived while non resident Britons are not allowed to vote for their parliament.

Conformity:The Greek Society Essay -- essays research papers

Conformity: The Greek Society   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conformity, on a daily basis we conform to the social norms set forth before us by our friends, family and past experiences. Group cohesiveness (the desire to which one has to be in and is attracted to the group) greatly increases conformity. Enter Greek life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We have all seen them, parading down the halls, across campus, and in the Student Union. Strutting around with their number one symbols of pride across their backs or chests, on a sleeve, a pin or hat, GREEKS. Going Greek is a social decision as one enters college. You either are or are not a Greek, which creates a rather noticeable IngroupOutgroup situation, and millions of stereotypes between both Greeks and Independents.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To some Independents, Greeks are seen as followers, conformists, who joined simply to ?buy their friends? and some Greeks see Independents as ?GDIs (God Damned Independents, for lack of better definition), people who are losers because they won?t join, for whatever reason. It has been said that ?From the outside looking in you will never understand it, and from the inside looking out you can not explain it.?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Greeks more predominately create the sense of IngroupOutgroup. It is very simple to see who is part of the group and who is not. It is pretty obvious from the blaring letters, ringing chants, songs, and stories that you are part of the group. From the Greek point of view there are 3 types of groups, Fraternity Men& Sorority Women, Pledges, and everyone else. You are either in or out it is that, plain and simple. You have either chose to conform to the ideals of your perspective organization or you have chosen not to be a part.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are sub divisions of the In-group, as far as the different organizations; you are a Sig-Kap, TKE, Skull, AST, etc. This is turn creates In-groups amongst the In-group. Each individual organization sees themselves as ?good? and in turn everyone else is ?bad.? Which is a predominate theme in IngroupOutgroup Theory.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Greeks call this ?pride?, conforming to these beliefs is part of the whole Greek concept. Through the pledging process you are taught the ways of the organization, how members are expected to ... ..., Luigi, Katia Vanzetto, and others; The   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  explicit and implicit perception of in-groups   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  members who use stereotypes: Blatant rejection but   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  subtle conformity. Journal of Experimental Social   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Psychology. Sep 2001, Vol 37, pp. 419-426. Pendry, Louise; Carrick, Rachael, Doing what the mob   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  do: Priming effects on conformity. European   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Journal of Social Psychology. Vol 31, Jan-Feb   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2001. pp.83-92 Robinson, Frank; Campaigns for Conformity. Journal of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  American College Health. May2001, Vol. 49 Issue 6,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  pp. 316-318. Rose, Randall L., Bearden, William O., Manning, Kenneth   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  C. Attributions and Conformity in Illicit   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Consumption: The Mediating Role of Group   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Attractiveness. Journal of Public Policy &   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marketing. Spring 2001, Vol. 20 Issue 1, p84, 9p   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Children of Men Film

Children Of Men. â€Å"Children of Men† Directed by Alfonso Cuaron. Is set in the year 2027, in a chaotic world in which humans can no longer procreate, Theo Faron a former activist, agrees to help transport a miraculously pregnant woman, Named Kee, to a sanctuary located out at sea, where her child’s birth could help scientists save mankind. In the film Children of Men, there are many crucial scenes to help convey the idea of the film, however I find one of these scenes particularly important; namely the apartment scene.In this scene Theo is being driven through the streets of London to the Ark Of Arts to visit his cousin Nigel. The director uses a number of techniques to help portray the themes and ideas, such as music, setting, lighting and mise-en-scene. During the apartment scene, the song â€Å"The Court Of the Crimson King† by King Crimson is playing in the background; The lyrics in this song help portray the idea of mankind’s demise. Crimson is the colour ascribed to someone who is furious, for example how God must feel toward mankind for its sins. But the wise never refer to God directly, for it seems nutty and conjectured.Instead they refer to God’s ordained agents, in this age personified as crimson-seated monarch. All the diabolical-sounding protests at the beginning of the sequence is bone-chilling with detail of various biblical verses predicting the end of the world. It implies that infertility is God’s punishment for man’s sins as humanity approaches the grand finale. I. e. the final coming to a head culmination of the human saga. Also during this scene the lighting plays a significant role in creating the mood which the audience feel. It directs the viewer to what the character is feeling, drawing the viewer into the film.The scene starts with Theo being driven though the busy and crowded streets of London, full of cars, people and protesters. The weather throughout the first part of the scene is quite cloudy emphasising the dim mood in the scene. It is quite dark and gloomy, this helps portray the connection to the depression throughout the country due to the infertility. The images and lighting are similar to images that record the suffering of people during the depression of the 1930s. However, inside the park the weather starts to brighten making everything look lush and vibrant.It seems absurd to see such a strong contrast after passing through the imperial gates. This brings to mind the saying â€Å"The grass is always greener on the other side† This helps to show how the members of the public see this part of London as a desired thing and that everything is better, but this saying usually ends up being false; these people still live in the same world, it is all an illusion, Further on in the scene Theo says to his cousin Nigel, â€Å"A hundred years from now, there won’t be one single sad f**k to look at any of this (meaning his apartment).What keeps y ou going? † To which Nigel replies â€Å"You know what it is, Theo? I just don’t think about it†. He is just ignoring the inevitable. Mise-en-scene creates a shocking impact as the viewer draws on their prior knowledge to make connections to the symbols revealed in this sequence. As Theo crosses the bridge to the Ark of Arts, above the Battersea power station, you can see a floating pig, reminiscent of Pink Floyd’s album cover for â€Å"Animals†.As Theo enters the court in the background, you can see a painting of two policemen kissing which is quite a famous piece by the street artist Banksy. After Theo enters the apartment he is greeted by his cousin Nigel. Behind him is the Statue Of David and two dogs in front of it. The Statue of David represents civil rights and the two dogs represent guards or loyalty, But with the dogs in front of The Statue Of David, This represents, Guarding the people, Or keeping the people from their rights.The scene the n cuts to Theo, Nigel and his handicapped son sitting at a dinner table and behind Theo on the wall is a large painting by world famous Pablo Piccaso, The painting is called â€Å"Guernica† it was created in response to the bombing of Guernica, Basque country, by German and Italian war planes. Guernica shows the tragedies of war and the suffering it inflicts upon individuals, particularly innocent civilians. This work has gained a monumental status, becoming a perpetrated reminder of the tragedies of war, an anti-war symbol and an embodiment of peace.The presences of Banksy, Michelangelo and Picasso artwork help portray the thoughts of society, as these entire artist stands for, peace, civil rights and anti-establishmentarianism. Near the end of this scene Theo and Nigel are talking by the window and behind them you can see again the floating pig. Having this floating pig is very symbolic using another saying â€Å"pigs will fly†. This presumably will never happen, a m etaphor for being impossible like making plans to touch the sun at night, but having an actual floating pig represents how ‘Pigs Will Fly’ and hope is not lost when it comes to the infertility of mankind.Using the four techniques, Music, Setting, Lighting and Mise-en-scene, the director has successfully brought the viewers into the movie to experience it as he intended us to, which is to challenge our beliefs of how our world functions. Even just in this one scene there is so much to understand other than just watching the film, but the ideas of the story hidden in plain sight challenging the viewer to read further into the movie and the issues it highlights. Written by Matthew Puterangi.

Changing Families Essay

Changing Families in Society James S. Hunter III OMM 612 Dr. David Jung April 21, 2013 By watching television one would think that the family is made up of one man, one woman, children and possibly pets. The family has changed over the years from before today we have a much more unique family life than twenty five or fifty years ago. Society has become more acceptable to change and have accepted the not so normal or traditional family way. As many things with time comes change. The family has evolved and is comprised of many mechanisms that are different from the past. There are new roles such as multiple incomes from the man and woman, families with partners that are the same gender, couples that are not married but living together, blended families and divorced parents. These are just a few of the many changes the family has gone through in the last two or five decades. Many years ago, woman would have not been the main source of income or even working. Cohabitation of couples that are not married living together and especially same sex partners raising kids. Whatever the argument may be even if there is one? Our society has embraced the new family that has been made over and changed. The definition of a family being a woman, man, children and pet have somewhat been redefined by so many alternatives to raising children. Although only a woman can conceive a child if no medical issues are a factor. They have adoption, surrogacy and other means of receiving children and raising them in our society with other means and make-ups of the family. Social change refers to the alteration in nature such as social behavior or institutions. The social change of families in America and even the world has been altered in many ways from years ago. When my parents and grandparents were coming up it was the time when the men worked and the women stayed home to take of the kids and the house. During that time divorce was frowned upon or just unthinkable. Those times have changed significantly. Many women today are thrilled to have a career and continue to do the same duties as expected of a mother and wife. The husband has evolved over time to assist with chores around the house. In some instances the women are the sole bread earners for the family and the husband is home with the kids. This could be seen as role reversal. Many women today regardless of career intensions or simply not having a choice but to work, either way women are more prominent in the workforce and this have changed the family in a huge way. Family success is better defined as the husband and wife working. â€Å"In 1950 about one in three women participated in the workforce. † Today the workforce comprise of forty eight percent women and fifty two percent men† (S. M. Heathfield, about. com, 2013). Even though, there are changes in society with the family and women working and making up almost half of the workforce. There are ongoing issues that employers and lawmakers need to address because this change of women obtaining careers is on the rise. One issue is the equality in pay between genders. Today most men in the same field are paid higher than women. In our society a high number of women find it more appealing to have a career, be a wife and mother. A significant change that accompanies women that have a career is less time with the family and a lot of times families don’t even eat together due to busy schedules. However, with time and change for some this is acceptable. Divorce is another change in society in which many years ago divorce was never an option. The family has had several makeovers and divorce is rapid and changing our society in a majority negative way. When divorce is the final verdict the children are the focus if they are involved and this makes life more complicated than normal. A comparison was done with children from divorced and non-divorced families and these are some of the findings. â€Å"The Draw-A-Family Test was administered to 108 Swedish children. Fifty four children were from divorce families (27 girls, 27 boys) and 54 (27 girls, 27 boys) from intact families. The age of the subjects was ranging between 10 and 12 years. Focus was placed on which family members were included in the drawings, the prevailing mood of the figures, and on the tendencies to make profile drawings and to omit hands and feet. The results showed that divorce boys omitted their siblings more often than did girls or non-divorce boys, suggesting more intensive sibling rivalry. However, both divorce and non-divorce children usually included the father and depicted him as being as large as or larger than the mother. It appears that in this way children express the important role that their fathers continue to play in their lives. The findings reflected a larger degree of family relationship problems in the divorce group. These problems were expressed by the omission of family members and also by the separation of one or more figures from the rest, by hidden or omitted hands and feet, and by figures drawn in profile (Spigelman, G. , Spegelman, A. , & Englesson, I. L. (1992). Here in this study we are finding that with divorce comes risk when children are involved. The study shows that divorced families have more issues than families that are together. Although, the children subjects accepted the dad’s when divorced there is always the problem of having the courts favor the mom in which most cases they do and I have personal experience with that. There is also the case of alienating the kids from the father or mother. In either case the divorced families are prone to more issues which are a problem to society. However, other studies have shown that there is not a significant difference in the outcome of children with a broken home or not. This is saying to me that if both parents were friends and were involved in a child’s life the child could still am successful with divorce. Next we have the case of same gender marriage or cohabitation raising children or not. Either way this is a different look for family and society. Today, it is being accepted more and the same gender couples are taken their cases to the Supreme Court to be heard so they can be accepted and viewed as a family just like the traditional marriage of a man and women. This is truly a case of religion belief or non-belief. I can truly state that with my strong religious views and belief in God and the study and acceptance of the â€Å"word† which is found in the bible. I truly believe in marriage to be traditional of a man and a woman. Marriage was created by â€Å"GOD† and who we are as men to change what the most high has done! If one is serious about his belief in God and understands and accepts his word this would not be a discussion. However, for the nonbelievers and just straight disobedient followers this can be agreed upon. I cannot find it in myself to condone what â€Å"GOD† has condemned. This will be a fight for some time. I can say that if the same gender couples want to be together in which they are anyway. They should call their union something other than marriage. Nevertheless many have argues over the fact that kids are going to have psychological problems and even mimic there same gender parents by learning to be gay. All don’t agree. I can speak from experience and say that kids are exposed to parents and they learn what they see and what we teach them. In my experience I have nieces who have children from men and have had bad relationship experiences and somehow manage to be gay or lesbian and the children are experiencing that same fate because it is what they have seen or have been taught. This is not healthy for our kids and is a problem but in our society this new social behavior is accepted. However, I believe this is an extra psychological phenomenon for our children that add unnecessary stress. Children in same sex couples households have expressed â€Å"they are afraid of their friends finding out that the parent’s â€Å"are gay† or â€Å"if they are† can be terrifying. Nevertheless, the same gender families are here in our society and it is accepted and somewhat the norm these days. The next step is to push to the Supreme Court and fight for the same rights as marriage between a man and woman. Another unique aspect of the family is single working women who do not have a boyfriend or husband. Today many women are growing tired of waiting on Mr. Right so they are taking matters on their own and adopting children. Let’s look at the story of Lindsay Gambini 39, manager of a Manhattan performing-arts center, adopted two children, but not without a struggle. First an adoption in the Philippines fell through. She turned to the New York City foster-care system but was turned down because she planned to hire a baby-sitter during working hours. She was offered older children, but thanks to a shortage of foster homes for infants and her own persistence, she prevailed and got two baby boys, now ages 28 months and 15 months (The, A. P. , 1989, May 14). There are more single ladies and men adopting children today due to the significant social changes we have gone through. This practice is global and more acceptable than before. Many adoption agencies frown on single parents due to many studies that reflect negative impact on children in single households. This is why rigorous procedures are in place to place a child in a more favorable and suitable home that will ensure the physical and psychological safety of the child that is being placed with a foster parent. This method has been revamped as more studies have concluded single parents with a lot of family and friend support while the single mother or father is at work will do just as well in society as those with both parents at home. Many couples are deciding to cohabitate than before. Like many of the traditional family norms our society has evolved to the new times where men and women are making decisions to live together and not marry. However, in many cases they decide to have children. This has become a social norm and is on the rise and accepted. Studies have shown that many people that cohabitate have expectations for marriage and are afraid that they can’t meet the expectations of marriage. Although, not married couples that cohabitate share the same values and duties as married couples. They must support each other and the kids and in most cases they live together. Maybe it’s just a psychological mindset that registers as being okay. This type of relationship is nothing less of marriage. Couples that cohabitate is on the rise and the number of married couples are declining. This is another example of how society and the family are changing. Many people who refuse to cohabitate have strong religious ties. In a Christian and many other religions the belief of a man and woman to live together without being married is unfavorable in the eyes of â€Å"God† therefore being a sin. There are also other stigmas to cohabitating couples. One would be a couple who has a child or children living with them and the male is not the legal or birth father. This is said to have complications that are negative on children in the end. Multiple issues face cohabitating couples that are similar to divorced couples. The comparison is almost equal when children are in the equation. This reflects any negative presents in a home with children are unfavorable under all circumstances in families in society. Families today more than ever also encompass new measures of support. The family has changed in society today from many years ago. Families have learned to deal with adversities such as low income and long distance support from one parent. Low income families are almost most of the time to proud to ask for government subsidies that will in some form give them better living conditions for a certain amount of time until the benefits are depleted or until no longer required. When a family does not use the assistance that may be available this will indeed hurt the family in many ways. The children will be affected in several ways such as education and any developmental stage due to worrying about the present living condition such as lack of food or shelter. Other distractions such as a parent being absent due to a distant career. These are all contributing factors that weigh heavily on children that are our future in our society. Unlike before there are many programs put in place to educate on the living through the absence of a parent or a family in crisis to ensure the children is focused and able to learn in school and advance in all areas of development. Recognizing the need for assistance during these challenging times for children are essential and important. Many programs are in place to ensure that all children have a chance at a happy home to promote positive education while attending school. Speaking from experience in the military my co-workers and I have experienced the unhappy home for our children due to us being absent. Many kids act out due to them not being happy because of the absence of a parent. This behavior results in negative behavior and education achievement. Over the years the military has become a lot smarter and with the help of non-profit organizations provide the support to military families in assisting with helping our kids cope with us being absent so that they can be successful in their educational development. In closing the family has changed with society in many ways. The family has been altered from its original intent or original meaning. The family as we use to know it consisted of a man, and woman or husband, wife children and pet. Today our family has been redefined in our society. We have same gender families, cohabitating families, blended families, single home families and more. Fifty years ago women were not working as much or considered in the equation for a successful family. Today that has changed; women and men both are working to make a better life for the family. The woman has increased responsibility although she works her duties as a wife and mother are not different. The husbands are contributing more with chores but nevertheless women are still required to maintain certain standards at home with family. Some women are the sole provider for their families. The new role swapping is very popular these days. It’s not because men choose to not work several reasons such as not being able to find employment, furthering education and health reasons to name a few. This new area in society has been accepted by some and not at all by others. The secular society and the religious institutions are at odds with what the family is and should be. The conflict is simply the believers and nonbelievers. It is a constant battle and struggle. Although most studies are inconclusive or not published at all in regards to the welfare of children and the family. All families seem to struggle today when it comes to raising our children who are the foundation of our families. It depends on whose report you read or who publishes first and receives the most notoriety that gives a strong belief or assessment in how our children should be raised or if they will be a psychological mess due to the environment they share with parents at home. With experience and insight on the situation of the new families in our society is the only true measurement of our children and their development and contributions to society. The families struggle with our new times of the changing family. It is rare that a family sits and eats together due to a conflict in schedules. The time you sit and spend with your family is essential, that is the time the family actually get to speak to one another. Other issues such as poverty and long distance relationships are problematic with families. Especially military, when we are away the family mainly the kids suffer due to the absence of a parent causing significant problems for the family. With the new and improved resources that embrace technology the distant parent can have a real time conversation with families and also upon return education workshops on how to reaclamate to your environment is available. In covering many phases of the family from traditional to nontraditional studies have shown children have been successful either way. As we accept the new variety of families other than non-traditional as we invest in our children it is vital that we remember to make our home a happy one for our kids. In all aspects of the family the values of the family in society has not changed significantly from years ago. Either way it is viewed or made up the end result will be the outcome of our kids in society. References Harper, C. L. & Leicht, K. L. (2011). Exploring social change: America and the world (6th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN:   9780205748082 Susan M. Heathfield, (2013). Women and work: Then, now and predicting the future for women in the workplace, about. comguide. Spigelman, G. , Spegelman, A. , & Englesson, I. L. (1992). Analysis of family drawings: A comparison between children from divorce and non-divorce families. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 18(1), 31-31. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/200720010? accountid=3252 Jacobs, S. (2004,Mar 07). Children of same-sex couples tell their stories. Boston Globe, retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/40406592? accountid=32521 The, A. P. (1989, May 14). More single people adopting children. Orange County Register. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/272371838? accountid=32521

Financial Rewards Are the Only Way to Gain Employee Loyalty

Financial Rewards Are the Only Way to Gain Employee Loyalty Financial rewards and incentives are the only way to gain employee loyalty because actions speak louder than words. People Like to See and Have Cash Money Let’s face this very important fact: Most people work for someone else – the owner of a business, and that business owner wants to make as much money as they possibly can off the work of their employees. This means paying them as little as humanly – not humanely – possible to make a profit. This is wrong, of course, but until we figure out, and pursue our dream, we’re pretty much going to work to fulfill someone else’s dream. And that means we have to work for what they will pay us, what the business itself is willing to pinch out of their fat wallets. Naturally, this terrible system is one-sided, a bit unfair, and employees begin to resent their employees for their greediness and lack of compensation. So people move on to other companies that will pay them more for their work and time. People need, want, like to see and have  cash money. So, therefore, financial rewards are the only way to gain employee loyalty. People are Apprehensive about Running out of Money For one, financial rewards and incentives keep employees loyal to a company because people are traditionally apprehensive about money – well, about running out of it. This goes back to the 1920s when it felt like, for some folks, money just poured in like champagne. Then the stock market crash of 1929 changed all that, the Great Depression set in – and money was never the same again. Even today in 2016, a few years after the Great Recession of 2008, people are worried about running out of money, so they work hard to find work at companies that will pay them well. Financial rewards, therefore, assure a person that the company they’re working for understands this apprehension and wants to keep the employee happy and paid well. Financial rewards – such as quarterly performance bonuses, yearly salary promotions and general monetary gifts and gift cards – are the key to keeping an employee’s loyalty, because more money is what people need and want . They’re afraid of not having enough of it, which is understandable. Actions Speak Louder than Words Secondly, financial rewards and incentives are the only way to gain employee loyalty, because actions speak louder than words. Any supervisor or boss can promise a promotion, a raise or a much-needed bonus. That may be enough to temporarily quell an employee’s apprehension at not getting paid what they want – but that certainly wears off. But until that check is given or that direct deposit made, when the employer actively demonstrates they want to keep an employee’s loyalty, the employee remains skeptical and increasingly disloyal. Actions speak louder than words. They begin to look for other jobs, better-paying jobs, at companies that do provide sufficient financial rewards and incentives. Companies have the revenue to pay their employees more money, but so many businesses fail to retain their employee’s long-time loyalty because these businesses are cheap and greedy. Employees don’t Need Emotional Support    They Need Money Lastly, a company that gives its hard-working employees well-earned financial rewards and incentives is one that will flourish and retain employees for life. Business owners know this – but they often take the path of the cheap, and exhibit extreme short-sidedness: they would rather hire younger employees who can do the same work for cheaper than pay their existing employees more for doing the work. This is how it is, unfortunately. What an employee needs, in order to retain employees long term and keep their loyalty, is to show an investment in the employee. Employees don’t need emotional support, a nicer office, better working conditions. What they need is money, cold, hard cash. People need cash in this economy. This world is getting more expensive by the second, so people want more money to add financial cushion to their lives, which is more than understandable, and companies must make this effort to retain their best employees. MONEY MAKES THE WORLD GO AROUND In conclusion, we have here, in this argumentative essay, acknowledged the greedy, exploitative nature of capitalism in America. The corporate culture is going in the wrong direction; maybe it’s always been this way. Perhaps that’s why the one-percent keep their fortunes growing. Perhaps greediness and exploitation keep the capitalistic society going – or else we’d all be the same: and that’s Socialism, Communism. That’s not American. What is American, evidently, is not paying employees what they are worth, which results in unhappy people – those who flee to other companies because these other companies pay better and offer enticing financial rewards and incentives.

Spanish Christmas Songs and Carols

Spanish Christmas Songs and Carols Singing Christmas carols in Spanish can be an enjoyable way to put your Spanish skills to good use. On the one hand, you will practice pronunciation and learn new vocabulary, and on the other, by reading the lyrics, you can identify the parts of speech that you are already familiar with. When and Where Do We Sing These Songs? Christmas traditions are big in Spanish and Hispanic cultures given their Catholic heritage, and most people decorate their houses with mangers  as well as with trees. The Hispanic tradition calls for the novena or posada, the nine nights before Christmas Day when you meet with friends and family, read prayers from a novenario, eat lots of good food and of course, sing many songs. These novenas take place in family homes, but some neighborhoods host them in open spaces. This collection of seasonal songs contains some that are commonly sung in novenas but also at church during Christmas celebrations, particularly during the Holy Mass that takes place on December 24th at midnight (remember that for most Hispanics the big Christmas celebrations happen on Christmas Eve and not on Christmas Day). Practicing Spanish Through Villancicos Below is an index of links to popular Christmas carols in Spanish, also known as villancicos, paired with their English versions. Note that in some cases the translations listed here arent the only ones available, so dont be surprised if the Spanish lyrics arent the same as youve seen somewhere else or sung before. For example, Silent Night, Holy Night has been translated as both Noche de Paz, Noche de Amor and Noche de Luz, Noche de Paz. Note also that in a few cases the translations are far from literal: anyone who has tried translating songs will understand why it is so difficult, as it requires the songs meaning, rhythm, and rhyme to be conveyed in the resulting translation. Some of the carols include a grammar and vocabulary guide for classroom use or personal study. With the exception of the English version of Los Peces en el Rà ­o (an original for this site), all these songs are in the public domain, so feel free to share them with your classroom or music group. Write down all the new vocabulary you learn, and conjugate each new verb in all the tenses you already know. There is no better way to learn than through catchy songs! Away in a MangerJesà ºs en PesebreDeck the HallsYa Llegà ³ la NavidadThe Fishes in the RiverLos Peces en el Rà ­oHark, the Herald Angels SingEscuchad el Son TriunfalJingle Bells #1CascabelJingle Bells #2Navidad, NavidadJoy to the World ¡Regocijad! Jesà ºs Nacià ³O Christmas Tree (O Tannenbaum)Quà © Verdes SonO Come All Ye Faithful (Adeste Fideles)Venid, Venid FielesO Holy NightNoche SagradaO Little Town of BethlehemOh Pueblecito de Belà ©nSilent NightNoche de PazThe Twelve Days of ChristmasLos Doce Dà ­as de NavidadWhat Child Is This? ¿Quà © Nià ±o Es Éste?

What was the short-term significance of Lord Liverpool's support for Coursework

What was the short-term significance of Lord Liverpool's support for Corn Laws 1815 in affecting support for the Conservative party - Coursework Example On the other end of the spectrum were those who were in favour of free trade and who opposed the Corn Laws as being a government concession to the land barons of Ireland and Britain, against the interest of the poor. The opinion of the latter is perhaps most eloquently voiced by Blake (170, p. 15) who assessed the 1815 corn laws from a distance of more than 150 years as ‘class biased’ †¦ ‘one of the most naked pieces of class legislation in English History, and a clear sign that the capitalist ideal was not going to prevail without a struggle’, a view clearly also later held by the authors of The Black Book.1 Yet, despite the concerns of the parties involved, Lord Liverpool was able to consolidate the opposing political forces within the Houses of Lords and Commons to pass the legislation with a 126 : 26 majority. Predictably, the poorer community fared badly as a result of artificially high corn prices and the next few years were marred by demonstratio ns and riots, followed by the passing of various pieces of repressive legislation in an attempt to control the rioters. Yet, despite these very unpopular measures, support for the conservative party and Liverpool rose - evidenced by the voting numbers during parliamentary business over the next few years. This has generally been attributed to post war problems facing Britain as well as Lord Liverpool’s skills in presenting these to his peers. This explanations is not disputed, however, this paper poses that there is a powerful additional factor, namely that once the corn laws had unleashed unrest, a fear factor developed which did not in fact constitute support for the policies of the conservative party at all but which nevertheless caused members of the parliament to act in semblance. It is also argued that this fear was by far the strongest motivation for giving continued support to the conservative party for as long as there was a danger of further riots. There can be no d oubt that the post-war problems faced by Britain in the aftermath of the Napoleonic wars were grave and that the modification to existing corn laws in 1815 can be understood as a short-term measure to avoid catastrophe. Corn laws had been in place in Britain since the 17th century and had basically consisted of a high rate of import duty imposed on a sliding scale to prevent imports and encourage exports, with import duties decreasing as corn prices increased (Fay, C. R., 1932, pp 28-43). This had kept corn prices relatively low and exports high until the middle of the 18th century when, for a variety of reasons, constant corn shortages forced frequent short-term measures to suspend import duties. In 1773 the government conceded that adjustments were required to reflect the real situation and lowered import duties to operate on a sliding scale, diminishing with increases in corn prices (Fay, C. R., 1932, pp 28-43). The underlying policies were to keep the farmers employed and making profits without inflating the price of corn to put it out of reach of the poor. The acts of 1791 and 1804 served a similar purpose, each one lowering the point at which corn import duties ceased. However, the income that was supposed to accrue from the imports did not eventuate as between 1792 and 1815 the price of corn was so high that virtually no import duty was collected (Hilton p. 3). This state of affairs continued with some further adjustments until 1804, by which time the system had been severely destabilized by the Napoleonic wars 1792-1815, which were fought along economic as well as military lines. Thus both parties engaged in economic blockades, bringing horrendous food shortages for England,

Individual Business Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Individual Business Report - Assignment Example The report expounds on the description of the product and services offered by the shop and its unique selling point. The marketing mix along with the customer segmentation also gets described to explain who the shop targets and how it builds its brand awareness. Finally, the report concludes with the financial area of the business, explaining the shop’s financial plan and its credit policies. For ages certain things have not changed, some people still have issues in buying gifts, especially flowers for their girlfriends, fiancà ©es, and wives (Reid & Bojanic, 2009). But, while other things do not change, fortunately, some change like technology that makes the gift-giving process much easier. The Red White and Bloom is certain that the opportunity to use technology in making it easier for people to buy custom flower arrangements along with delivery on the days they determine in advance. Red White and Bloom is a flower shop that I started, and I am the majority owner. The company targets the executive business people in the high street in London for each upscale, Frequent Lower Gift Program and long term. The Red White and Bloom differs from other traditional florists through cultivating personal relationships by using delivery services, technology and giving the Gift program that making the buying of flowers easy. Thus, this report explains further the aims of the busine ss, its environment, product description and the market mix along with its consumer segmentation and financial area. Red White and Bloom aims at using technology to enhance the delivery program and identify along with serving the ideal target audience within the high street in London. The company uses sophisticated marketing techniques in securing a core executive business people clientele and corporate accounts along with differentiating from other traditional and online florists. The company differentiates itself through the delivery program, Frequent Flower Gift Programs, and custom

Analysis of Death of Woman Wang Historical Novel by Jonathan Spence Essay

Analysis of Death of Woman Wang Historical Novel by Jonathan Spence - Essay Example The fascinating structure of the book consists majorly on the observation on the people having to do work on the land, their social conflicts and, their family structures. ... 2 In his quest to escape the challenges and the fact of being dismissed, he was not happy to go back to his home in Shao-wu, Fukien, out of fear of disgrace, this instead compelled him into an absolute poverty3. His attempt, after finishing the local history, culminated further into more sorrow. His return to Fukien was accompanied by the Rebellion of the feudatory. Since he was amongst the many literati and former officials, he got ordered to take up bureaucratic "office", it was upon refusing to resume the office that Feng retreated to the Fukien mountains, where the constant exposure in 'bitter weather led to his death. Another key actor aforementioned is Huang who was also a magistrate in the County, stationed in the county’s city. A Chinese imperial official, who had gone past the Confucian examinations and was posted in T'an-ch'eng. Upon coming to realizing T'an-ch'eng as a very poor area, in which, almost the whole population had been decimated. In his attempt, to allev iate the poverty by campaigning for tax cuts, particularly in areas where farming had ceased to operate as usual, taxes collection could help, not only from the rich landowners but also from the poor farmers. He came across a lot of challenges and concerns; one such was the superstitions, most of the residents committing suicides out of the hard life and a series of natural disasters. Though he is compassionate, Huang can safely be considered a product of the unsuccessful Chinese major system Confucian ethics and ideas, overwhelmed by the arrogance and the corruption of the rich and the degeneracy and despair of the poor.  Ã‚  

Impact of IMF Funding on Pakistans economy

Impact of IMF Funding on Pakistans economy Introduction The funding by International Monetary Fund (IMF) to developing countries has always raised a debate on its positive and negative impacts on the economy of the creditor country. Pakistan has an extended history of funding from IMF starting from 1958 to 2004 in various time spans and now the current agreement from 2008. This study analyzes the impact of IMF funding on Pakistan. Although there has been criticism regarding both issues of policies and the funding impact but the focus of this research is to study the impacts and not to discuss or criticize the policies of IMF. The IMF works to foster global growth and economic stability. It provides policy advice and financing to members in economic difficulties and also works with developing nations to help them achieve macroeconomic stability and reduce poverty. It is working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world. Although monetary fund provides financial assistance to the developing countries but its role in economic prosperity has been highly criticized from the last few years due to its strict policies and restrictions imposed on the borrower country. Under current agreement, IMF imposes 11 main conditions on Pakistan which includes: introduction of the Central Excise Duty on service and agricultural sector, reduction in the expenditures on Public Sector Development Program, devaluation of rupee, freezing of non-development expenditure under the defense budget, non-provision of supplementary grants to government departments, ending subsidy on gas and electricity, reduction in non-development expenditure of civil departments and federal ministries, increase in markup rate of banks and on inter-bank transactions, uniformity in the inter-bank and open market dollar exchange rate and stoppage of government financial intervention in stock markets. The main aim of IMF behind imposition of policies is to increase the revenues of the borrower country. But some studies reveal that it affects the economy both directly and indirectly. Directly it imposes impact in the sense of control of certain variables on which it put restrictions and indirectly with regard to the relationship of these variables with other macroeconomic driving variables that drives the economic growth. The matter here is not the IMF funding but the policy impositions that could impact the economic growth. IMF provides funds for the three major areas, to reduce deficit of fiscal account and current account and to increase the revenues. The question here arises that whether the increase in taxes, elimination of subsidies and development projects will help boost the economy or causes the real GDP to fall from the expected value through increased inflation. An extensive research has been done to address the issue of IMF policies and impact on economy of the borrower country but there are conflicting results derived by different researchers due to particular conditions related to that country, the researches that tried to study all countries under IMF program also reveals contradicting results. This study focuses specifically on Pakistan so that particular effects could be revealed that IMF funding is pouring on Pakistans economy. Problem statement The problem statement of research is Impact of IMF funding on Pakistans economy. Major variables that are used in this study include IMF funds and macro economic variables that are the indicators of an economy i.e. real GDP, employment rate, current account balance, balance of payments and FDI. Objectives The objectives of our study are: To study how IMF funding is putting its effect on economy of Pakistan. To reveal that whether there is any significant relationship between IMF funding and economic growth and if there is a relationship then whether it is positive or negative. To draw conclusion and make recommendations through analysis that whether Pakistan should borrow from IMF or seek other ways of borrowing Significance Although a number of studies have addresses the stated issue but these researches mostly carried out aggregate affect taking into account all the countries under IMF program. The Research that we are going to conduct will try to find out impact of IMF funding on economic growth in particular scenario of Pakistan. Delimitation Our scope of study will be limited to the impacts on Pakistan economy. More over the variable that we will use for analysis of economic growth will be only major macroeconomic variables which are majorly contributing towards the growth factor. In our study we are not considering the political instability and inconsistency in the prevailing policies and other social environmental issues that could impact economic growth side by side. Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature This chapter includes the work done in the same area by other researchers. It put a glance on studies of some of the researchers along with their proposed conclusions Literature review IMF funding has been one of the most debated issues from the last few years in terms of its policies, restrictions and its impact on the economy of countries under IMF programs. A number of studies have been done in this regard. However the results of these studies are contradicting making this issue still debatable. Recent studies have produced mixed and sometimes puzzling results regarding the impact of IMF programs on a nations balance of payments, current account balance, foreign direct investment, real GDP, per capita income and long-run economic growth. Martin Feldstein (1998) argues that the IMF required excessively large reductions in government deficits and restrictions on monetary policy. These restrictions resulted in substantial increases in tax rates, interest rates and increase in current account deficit. Feldstein argues that Asian economies have experienced a recession that worsened their economic problems as a result of these policy changes. Feldstein argues that many of the mandated reforms involve unjustified interference with national autonomy and have little or no relationship to the goal of resolving the payment problem. He notes that it would have been better to allow more time for negotiations between borrowers and lenders before providing IMF loans to a country experiencing payment problems. Ho: There is no significant Impact on the current account deficit by increasing Government Expenditure through IMF Funding. H5: There is significant Impact on the current account deficit by increasing Government Expenditure through IMF Funding. Doug Bandow (1999) argues that the existence of IMF bailouts creates a moral hazard problem that encourages countries to not solve their fundamental problems. He suggests that all nations would benefit if healthy economies quarantined sick economies instead of providing economic assistance. Bandow argues that IMF assistance programs increase risk for healthy economies and do not provide long-term benefits for troubled economies. He notes that most IMF borrowers have received aid for a decade or more. Jensen (2004) suggests that international capital markets perceive IMF intervention as a negative development. Regardless of factors driving their decisions, Jensens research provides strong evidence that developing countries pay a serious price when they take advantage of IMF assistance. His research strongly reveals a negative relationship between IMF funding and foreign direct investment in the country. According to him investors dont perceive this funding in a positive way that why reducing net investment level in the country and as a result hindering economic growth. For impact of IMF on FDI following hypothesis is developed: Ho: There is no significant Impact on the FDI by increasing Government Expenditure through IMF Funding. H1: There is significant Impact on the FDI by increasing Government Expenditure through IMF Funding. On the other hand there are a number of researchers like Dicks Mireaux (2000), who have found strongly positive economic growth effects of IMF funding. These researches found that there is appositive impact of IMF funding on the economy. While there are also studies which concluded that are no significant effects of IMF on the economy of a country under IMF agreement like, Hardoy(2003) and Hutchison (2004), who argue that IMF funding does not pour any significant impact on the economy of the borrower country. Mireaux argue that economy grows due to the increased tax revenues. Following hypothesis has been developed between tax revenue and IMF funding. Ho: There is no significant Impact on the Tax Revenue by increasing Government Expenditure through IMF Funding. H3: There is significant Impact on the Tax Revenue by increasing Government Expenditure through IMF Funding. Nunnenkamp(1999) in his article discussed that IMF is under serious attack as critics blame that IMF lending lead to financial crisis and suggests to stop IMF funding also the researcher discussed the consequences of ending the lending ODriscoll (1997) in his article has conducted the descriptive research about the IMF policies towards developing countries by keeping the focus on USA economy. The Policy making of IMF for the developing countries are without any backing of historical decisions taken by the developing countries in past. Thus the financial crises and current account deficit crises is mainly attributed to such policy making. The researcher has give example of Asia in which case the above discussion is particularly true which roots in 1995. The IMFs handling of the Mexico crisis firmly established moral hazard in international lending and sowed the seeds for the Asian crisis. Thus far, IMF policy in Asia largely repeats the policy mistakes in Mexico.   Gina (2007) indicates in his article that the reforms enacted by Congress in USA are an important first step toward reforming the IMF. Even more important than the reforms, however, was the congressional debate over IMF funding. That debate focused attention on the process and Substance of IMF policymaking and even questioned the need for that organization in the post-Bretton Woods world. Przeworski and Vreeland (2000) Using a bivariate, dynamic version of the Heckman selection model, we estimate the effect of participation in International Monetary Fund IMF programs on economic growth. We find evidence that governments enter into agreements with the IMF under the pressures of a foreign reserves crisis but they also bring in the Fund to shield themselves from the political costs of adjustment policies. Program participation lowers growth rates for as long as countries remain under a program. Once countries leave the program, they grow faster than if they had remained, but not faster than they would have without participation. So for the relation between IMF and GDP following hypothesis are developed: Ho: There is no significant Impact on the GDP by increasing Government Expenditure through IMF Funding. H1: There is significant Impact on the GDP by increasing Government Expenditure through IMF Funding. The estimates of Barroa Lee (2005) shows that a higher IMF loan-participation rate reduces economic growth. IMF lending does not have significant effects on investment, inflation, employment, government consumption, and international openness. However, IMF loan participation has small negative effects on democracy and the rule of law. Ho: There is no significant Impact on the Employment by increasing Government Expenditure through IMF Funding. H2: There is significant Impact on the Employment by increasing Government Expenditure through IMF Funding. Chapter 3 Research Methodology This chapter includes the theoretical model, data collection technique and methodology approach used for the analysis Theoretical model Economic Growth Real GDP IMF Funding Employment FDI RRevenue Current Account Balance Data collection Secondary source for the data collection has been used in this research. For this purpose most of the data will be collected from the Economic Survey of Pakistan, international monetary fund web site and state bank of Pakistan website. The dependant variables that have been used to analyze the economic growth include: balance of payment, current account balance, real GDP, rate of employment and foreign direct investment. These are the major variables that are the determinants of economic growth of a country. The independent variable is the amount of funding by IMF. Data analysis Regression analysis is used for analyzing the impact of IMF funding on Pakistans economy. Data is analyzed using SPSS. Data for the IMF funding in Pakistan is in detail below:   YEARS IMF FUNDING 1973-1974 527 1974-75 1990 1975-76 1987 1976-77 2497 1977-78 232 1978-79 3406 1979-80 644 1980-81 3789 1981-82 6079 1982-83 7266 1983-84 2812 2000-01 35400 2001-02 65460 Chapter 4 Data Presentation and Findings This chapter includes the data which has been used for the analysis, analyzed results and the findings that follow through the analysis Data presentation and findings Following is the detailed data used for the analysis and the findings of the regression analysis. The data is presented separately for each variable used as the measure of economic growth of the country. IMF funding and GDP Data Analysis for First Hypothesis Ho: There is no significant Impact on the GDP by increasing Government Expenditure through IMF Funding. H1: There is significant Impact on the GDP by increasing Government Expenditure through IMF Funding. IMF FUNDING GDP 1974 527 38439 1974-75 1990 39930 1975-76 1987 41229 1976-77 2497 42401 1977-78 232 45679 1978-79 3406 48204 1979-80 644 51736 1980-81 3789 55048 1981-82 6079 59012 1982-83 7266 62975 1983-84 2812 65968 2000-01 35400 180500 2001-02 65460 212200 Findings: To test the hypothesis, linear regression analysis used. The results of regression of One independent Variable (IMF Funding) against GDP (dependent variable) can be seen in the following output. Model Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .971 .943 .937 14025.2195 a Predictors: (Constant), IMF FUNDING ANOVA Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 35481741865.974 1 35481741865.974 180.379 .000 Residual 2163774597.718 11 196706781.611 Total 37645516463.692 12 a Predictors: (Constant), IMF FUNDING b Dependent Variable: GDP Coefficients Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. Model B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 43492.601 4451.563 9.770 .000 IMF 2.861 .213 .971 13.431 .000 a Dependent Variable: GDP Interpretation of analysis The ANOVA table shows that the F value of 180.379 is significant at the .000 levels. Degree of Freedom column in the table, the first number represent the number of Independent Variable (1) the second number (13) is the data collected for total number of years (N), minus the number of Independent Variable (K) minus 1 or 11=(N-K-1) or (13-1-1)= 12. The F statistics produce (F= 180.379) is significant at the .000 levels. Which shows that Model validity is significant at 0.000 level of significance. What the result mean is that 94.3 percent of variance (R square) in increase in GDP has been significantly explained by increasing Government Expenditure by way of IMF Funding (Independent variable) with standard error of estimate of 14025.2195. Standard error of estimate shows amount falls outside the regression line or shows standard deviation from mean. There is .000 percent or less chance of this is not holding true. There is correlation of 0.971 (denoted as r=0.971) between IMF Funding (Independent variable) and GDP (dependent variable) with level of significance 0.000. so there is positive relationship between the two variables and probability of this is not true is zero percent or less. That is 100 percent of time we would expect that this correlation to exist. There is a beta value of 0.971, which shows that 97.1 percent chance of making TYPE II error if null hypothesis is accepted when it is false. At the same time Un standardized coefficient B= 2.861 indicates that the valu e of GDP increase by 2.861 unit for a one unit increase in Government Expenditure by IMF Funding. What the result mean is that t value 13.431 significant at 0.000. Thus hypothesis 1 is substantiated. IMF funding and employment rate Data Analysis for Second Hypothesis Ho: There is no significant Impact on the Employment by increasing Government Expenditure through IMF Funding. H2: There is significant Impact on the Employment by increasing Government Expenditure through IMF Funding. YEARS IMF FUNDING EMPLOYMENT 1973-1974 527 19.76 1974-75 1990 20.3 1975-76 1987 21.08 1976-77 2497 21.89 1977-78 232 22.73 1978-79 3406 23.62 1979-80 644 24.15 1980-81 3789 24.7 1981-82 6079 25.27 1982-83 7266 25.85 1983-84 2812 26.4 2000-01 35400 37.51 2001-02 65460 38.29 Findings: To test the hypothesis, linear regression analysis used. The results of regression of One independent Variable (IMF Funding) against Employment (dependent variable) can be seen in the following output. Model Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .912 .832 .817 2.5175 a Predictors: (Constant), IMF Funding ANOVA Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 345.318 1 345.318 54.485 .000 Residual 69.717 11 6.338 Total 415.035 12 a Predictors: (Constant), IMF Funding b Dependent Variable: EMPLOYMENT Coefficients Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. Model B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 22.636 .799 28.328 .000 IMF 2.823E-04 .000 .912 7.381 .000 a Dependent Variable: EMPLOYMENT Interpretation of analysis The ANOVA table shows that the F value of 54.485 is significant at the .000 levels. Degree of Freedom column in the table, the first number represent the number of Independent Variable (1) the second number (13) is the data collected for total number of years (N), minus the number of Independent Variable (K) minus 1 or 11=(N-K-1) or (13-1-1)= 12. The F statistics produce (F= 54.485) is significant at the .000 levels. Which shows that Model validity is significant at 0.000 level of significance. What the result mean is that 83.2 percent of variance (R square) in increase in Employment has been significantly explained by increasing Government Expenditure by way of IMF Funding (Independent variable) with standard error of estimate of 2.5175. Standard error of estimate shows amount falls outside the regression line or shows standard deviation from mean. There is .000 percent or less chance of this is not holding true. There is correlation of 0.912 (denoted as r=0.912) between IMF Funding (Independent variable) and Employment (dependent variable) with level of significance 0.000. So there is positive relationship between the two variables and probability of this is not true is zero percent or less. That is 100 percent of time we would expect that this correlation to exist. There is a beta value of 0.912, which shows that 91.2 percent chance of making TYPE II error if null hypothesis is accepted when it is false. At the same time Un standardized coefficient B= 0.00283 indicates t hat the value of Employment increase by 0.00283 unit for a one unit increase in Government Expenditure by IMF Funding. What the result mean is that t value 7.381 significant at 0.000. Thus hypothesis 2 is substantiated. IMF funding and tax revenue Data Analysis for Third Hypothesis Ho: There is no significant Impact on the Tax Revenue by increasing Government Expenditure through IMF Funding. H3: There is significant Impact on the Tax Revenue by increasing Government Expenditure through IMF Funding. YEARS IMF FUNDING TAX REVENUE 1973-1974 527 9,444.00 1974-75 1990 11,428.70 1975-76 1987 13,914.80 1976-77 2497 16,112.50 1977-78 232 20,041.10 1978-79 3406 23,475.70 1979-80 644 30,720.40 1980-81 3789 36,509.30 1981-82 6079 40,367.60 1982-83 7266 46,475.00 1983-84 2812 55,360.00 2000-01 35400 444,800.00 2001-02 65460 486,000.00 Findings : To test the hypothesis, linear regression analysis used. The results of regression of One independent Variable (IMF Funding) against Tax Revenue (dependent variable) can be seen in the following output. Model Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .958 .917 .910 49565.7061 a Predictors: (Constant), IMF FUNDING ANOVA Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 300517013184.665 1 300517013184.665 122.323 .000 Residual 27024351475.824 11 2456759225.075 Total 327541364660.489 12 a Predictors: (Constant), IMF b Dependent Variable: TAX REVENUE Coefficients Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. Model B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 10370.086 15732.008 .659 .523 IMF 8.326 .753 .958 11.060 .000 a Dependent Variable: TAX REVENUE Interpretation of analysis The ANOVA table shows that the F value of 122.323 is significant at the .000 levels. Degree of Freedom column in the table, the first number represent the number of Independent Variable (1) the second number (13) is the data collected for total number of years (N), minus the number of Independent Variable (K) minus 1 or 11=(N-K-1) or (13-1-1)= 12. The F statistics produce (F= 122.323) is significant at the .000 levels. Which shows that Model validity is significant at 0.000 level of significance. What the result mean is that 91.7 percent of variance (R square) in increase in Tax Revenue has been significantly explained by increasing Government Expenditure by way of IMF Funding (Independent variable) with standard error of estimate of 49565.7061. Standard error of estimate shows amount falls outside the regression line or shows standard deviation from mean. There is .000 percent or less chance of this is not holding true. There is correlation of 0.958 (denoted as r=0.958) between IMF Funding (Independent variable) and Tax Revenue (dependent variable) with level of significance 0.000. So there is positive relationship between the two variables and probability of this is not true is zero percent or less. That is 100 percent of time we would expect that this correlation to exist. There is a beta value of .958, which shows that 95.8 percent chance of making TYPE II error if null hypothesis is accepted when it is false. At the same time Un standardized coefficient B= 8.362 indicate s that the value of Tax Revenue increase by 8.326 unit for a one unit increase in Government Expenditure by IMF Funding. What the result mean is that t value 11.060 significant at 0.000. Thus hypothesis 3 is substantiated. IMF funding and FDI Ho: There is no significant Impact on the FDI by increasing Government Expenditure through IMF Funding. H1: There is significant Impact on the FDI by increasing Government Expenditure through IMF Funding. YEARS IMF FUNDING FDI 1973-1974 527 -189 1974-75 1990 447 1975-76 1987 675 1976-77 2497 321 1977-78 232 1065 1978-79 3406 1080 1979-80 644 840 1980-81 3789 1225 1981-82 6079 3430 1982-83 7266 1473.5 1983-84 2812 1680 2000-01 35400 19995 2001-02 65460 30051.4 Findings : To test the hypothesis, linear regression analysis used. The results of regression of One independent Variable (IMF Funding) against FDI (dependent variable) can be seen in the following output. Model Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .991 .982 .981 1290.1947 a Predictors: (Constant), IMF ANOVA Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 1010046942.200 1 1010046942.200 606.780 .000 Residual 18310625.532 11 1664602.321 Total 1028357567.732 12 a Predictors: (Constant), IMF b Dependent Variable: FDI Coefficients Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. Model B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) -128.350 409.504 -.313 .760 IMF .483 .020 .991 24.633 .000 a Dependent Variable: FDI Interpretation of analysis The ANOVA table shows that the F value of 606.780 is significant at the .000 levels. Degree of Freedom column in the table, the first number represent the number of Independent Variable (1) the second number (13) is the data collected for total number of years (N), minus the number of Independent Variable (K) minus 1 or 11=(N-K-1) or (13-1-1)= 12. The F statistics produce (F= 606.780) is significant at the .000 levels. Which shows that Model validity is significant at 0.000 level of significance. What the result mean is that 98.2 percent of variance (R square) in increase in FDI has been significantly explained by increasing Government Expenditure by way of IMF Funding (Independent variable) with standard error of estimate of 1290.1947. Standard error of estimate shows amount falls outside the regression line or shows standard deviation from mean. There is .000 percent or less chance of this is not holding true. There is correlation of 0.991 (denoted as r=0.991) between IMF Funding (Independent variable) and FDI (dependent variable) with level of significance 0.000. So there is positive relationship between the two variables and probability of this is not true is zero percent or less. That is 100 percent of time we would expect that this correlation to exist. There is a beta value of 0.991, which shows that 99.1 percent chance of making TYPE II error if null hypothesis is accepted when it is false. At the same time Un standardized coefficient B= .483 indicates that the value of FDI increase by .483 unit for a one unit increase in Government Expenditure by IMF Funding. What the result mean is that t value 24.633 significant at 0.000. Thus hypothesis 4 is substantiated. IMF funding and current account deficit Data Analysis for Fifth Hypothesis Ho: There is no significant Impact on the FDI by increasing Government Expenditure through IMF Funding. H5: There is significant Impact on the FDI by increasing Government Expenditure through IMF Funding. YEARS IMF FUNDING CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT 1973-1974 527 3318 1974-75 1990 10639 1975-76 1987 9212 1976-77 2497 11718 1977-78 232 14835 1978-79